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Genesis

About this book

God's Covenant with Noah

Chapter 9

1 Then God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth.⁠ 2 Every living creature of the earth and every bird of the sky will be terrified of you. Everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea are under your authority. 3 You may eat any moving thing that lives. As I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. 4 “But you must not eat meat with its life (that is, its blood) in it.⁠ 5 For your lifeblood I will surely exact punishment, from every living creature I will exact punishment.⁠ From each person I will exact punishment for the life of the individual since the man was his relative.⁠ 6 “Whoever sheds human blood, by other humans must his blood be shed;⁠ for in God’s image God has made humankind.⁠ 7 “But as for you, be fruitful and multiply; increase abundantly on the earth and multiply on it.” 8 God said to Noah and his sons, 9 “Look. I now confirm my covenant with you and your descendants after you 10 and with every living creature that is with you, including the birds, the domestic animals, and every living creature of the earth with you, all those that came out of the ark with you—every living creature of the earth. 11 I confirm my covenant with you: Never again will all living things be wiped out by the waters of a flood; never again will a flood destroy the earth.”⁠ 12 And God said, “This is the guarantee of the covenant I am making with you and every living creature with you, a covenant for all subsequent generations: 13 I will place my bow35 in the clouds, and it will become a guarantee of the covenant between me and the earth.⁠ 14 Whenever I bring clouds over the earth and the bow35 appears in the clouds, 15 then I will remember my covenant with you and with all living creatures of all kinds. Never again will the waters become a flood and destroy all living things.⁠ 16 When the rainbow is in the clouds, I will notice it and remember the perpetual covenant between God and all living creatures⁠ of all kinds that are on the earth.”⁠ 17 So God said to Noah, “This is the guarantee of the covenant that I am confirming between me and all living things that are on the earth.”

Noah and His Sons

18 The sons of Noah who came out of the ark were Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (Now Ham was the father of Canaan.) 19 These were the three sons of Noah, and from them the whole earth was populated. 20 Noah, a man of the soil, began to plant a vineyard.⁠ 21 When he drank some of the wine, he got drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent.⁠ 22 Ham, the father of Canaan, saw his father’s nakedness and told his two brothers who were outside.⁠ 23 Shem and Japheth took the garment and placed it on their shoulders. Then they walked in backwards and covered up their father’s nakedness. Their faces were turned the other way so they did not see their father’s nakedness. 24 When Noah awoke from his drunken stupor he learned what his youngest son had done to him.⁠ 25 So he said, “Cursed be Canaan! The lowest of slaves he will be to his brothers.”⁠ 26 He also said, “Worthy of praise is the Lord, the God of Shem! May Canaan be the slave of Shem! 27 May God enlarge Japheth’s territory and numbers! May he live in the tents of Shem and may Canaan be the slave of Japheth!” 28 After the flood Noah lived 350 years. 29 The entire lifetime of Noah was 950 years, and then he died.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 1:28 and Genesis 9:1

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis describes how humanity was blessed and commanded to multiply and rule over living creatures, connecting it with responsibility for creation. After the flood, Genesis repeats the command to multiply but does not repeat the language of ruling.

Passages

Genesis 1:28

Hebrew Bible
26 Then God said, “Let us make humankind in our image, after our likeness, so they may rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move on the earth.” 27 God created humankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them, male and female he created them. 28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply! Fill the earth and subdue it! Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that moves on the ground.” 29 Then God said, “I now give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the entire earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the animals of the earth, and to every bird of the air, and to all the creatures that move on the ground—everything that has living breath in it—I give every green plant for food.” It was so.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Genesis 9:1

Hebrew Bible
1 Then God blessed Noah and his sons and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth. 2 Every living creature of the earth and every bird of the sky will be terrified of you. Everything that creeps on the ground and all the fish of the sea are under your authority. 3 You may eat any moving thing that lives. As I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

"... human life is not absolutely inviolable; humans can forfeit their right to life if they take another’s life. Indeed, murderers are directly accountable to God for their actions, though human agents are no doubt in mind (but no court system is mentioned). This provision provides a continuing way of dealing with the ongoing violence evident in 6:11-13, but the effects will never again assume floodlike proportions. On the other hand, God herein directly addresses human beings, giving them responsibilities within the created order that are not unlike those received in Genesis 1:28. The commands to “have dominion” and “subdue the earth” are not repeated with the other commands in 9:1, 7. Yet, because both animals and vegetation (9:3, 4) are given over to the human for their limited use means that these commands, while qualified, are not set aside. Human beings remain in the image of God and have a fundamental dignity as human beings that is not to be ignored, trammeled upon, or snuffed out (9:6), and they retain fundamental responsibility for the larger created order (9:1-7) ..."
Terence E. Fretheim, God and World in the Old Testament: A Relational Theology of Creation (Nashville: Abingdon, 2005), 127–128.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 1:28 and Genesis 9:1

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