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Genesis

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The Waters Recede

Chapter 8

1 But God remembered Noah and all the wild animals and domestic animals that were with him in the ark. God caused a wind to blow over the earth and the waters receded.⁠ 2 The fountains of the deep and the floodgates of heaven were closed, and the rain stopped falling from the sky.⁠ 3 The waters kept receding steadily from the earth, so that they had gone down by the end of the 150 days. 4 On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark came to rest on one of the mountains of Ararat.⁠ 5 The waters kept on receding until the tenth month. On the first day of the tenth month, the tops of the mountains became visible.⁠ 6 At the end of 40 days, Noah opened the window he had made in the ark⁠ 7 and sent out a raven; it kept flying back and forth until the waters had dried up on the earth.⁠ 8 Then Noah sent out a dove to see if the waters had receded from the surface of the ground. 9 The dove could not find a resting place for its feet because water still covered the surface of the entire earth,⁠ and so it returned to Noah in the ark. He stretched out his hand, took the dove, and brought it back into the ark. 10 He waited seven more days and then sent out the dove again from the ark. 11 When the dove returned to him in the evening, there was a freshly plucked olive leaf in its beak! Noah knew that the waters had receded from the earth. 12 He waited another seven days and sent the dove out again, but it did not return to him this time. 13 In Noah’s six hundred and first year, in the first day of the first month, the waters had dried up from the earth, and Noah removed the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry. 14 And by the twenty-seventh day of the second month the earth was dry.

Leaving the Ark

15 Then God spoke to Noah and said, 16 “Come out of the ark, you, your wife, your sons, and your sons’ wives with you. 17 Bring out with you all the living creatures that are with you. Bring out every living thing, including the birds, animals, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth. Let them increase and be fruitful and multiply on the earth!” 18 Noah went out along with his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives. 19 Every living creature, every creeping thing, every bird, and everything that moves on the earth went out of the ark in their groups.

Noah's Offering

20 Noah built an altar to the Lord. He then took some of every kind of clean animal and clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar.⁠ 21 And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma⁠ and said to himself,⁠ “I will never again curse the ground because of humankind,⁠ even though the inclination of their minds is evil from childhood on.⁠ I will never again destroy everything that lives, as I have just done. 22 “While the earth continues to exist, planting time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 8:21 and Numbers 28:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis 8 shows Noah offering sacrifices after the flood and God responding to the smell, and Numbers 28 also describes offerings to God with a pleasing scent. Both follow ancient Near Eastern traditions where gods smell sacrifices as a sign of approval.

Passages

Genesis 8:21

Hebrew Bible
19 Every living creature, every creeping thing, every bird, and everything that moves on the earth went out of the ark in their groups. 20 Noah built an altar to the Lord. He then took some of every kind of clean animal and clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar. 21 And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma and said to himself, “I will never again curse the ground because of humankind, even though the inclination of their minds is evil from childhood on. I will never again destroy everything that lives, as I have just done. 22 “While the earth continues to exist, planting time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Numbers 28:2

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Command the Israelites: ‘With regard to my offering, be sure to offer my food for my offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to me at its appointed time.’ 3 You will say to them, ‘This is the offering made by fire that you must offer to the Lord: two unblemished lambs one year old each day for a continual burnt offering. 4 The first lamb you must offer in the morning, and the second lamb you must offer in the late afternoon,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... Ecstatic behaviour appears often in the Hebrew Bible, but it is not associated only with battle-hungry delirium. Within the Balaam pericope, three expressions suggest that the writer(s) imagined Balaam having an otherworldly or ecstatic experience. First, the verb קרה, which simply denotes an encounter or meeting, is used (four times) to depict Balaam’s encounter with his deity (23:3, 4, 15, 16). Thus, the narrative describes unique, personal encounters between Balaam and Yhwh. The verb takes the Niphal stem also in another human-divine encounter, in Exodus 3:18 when Yhwh instructs Moses to explain to Pharaoh that ‘Yhwh, the god of the Hebrews, has met with us.’ Here in Exodus, the idea seems to be that the divine party initiated the encounter. Rhetorically, Moses’s plea to Pharaoh has force only if Yhwh requires the wilderness offerings, if the three day hiatus is a religious obligation demanded by the deity, on its own initiative. But encounters with supernatural beings may be arranged by a variety of means. In 2 Kings 3:15-16, Elisha requests music and then, the “hand(/power) of Yhwh” comes upon him and he delivers a divine message. Music/percussion induced trances are commonly attested among ethnographic reports of shamans and other intermediaries. The invocation of deities, evidently, can require careful calculation and execution. Balaam expresses uncertainly as to whether or not his deity will show up and the sacrifices seem to serve the function of attracting the divine presence. (Compare Genesis 8:21, Exodus 29:18, 25, 41; Numbers 28:2; Leviticus 1:9, etc...) As Balaam hopes, Elohim “meets” him (23:4) once, and Yhwh a second time (23:16); and in each instance, Balaam receives a message (דבר) ..."
Ryan D. Schroeder, “Memories of Balaam: Translatability of a Religious Specialist in Ancient Israel” (MA diss., Trinity Western University, 2015), 92–93.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 8:21 and Numbers 28:2

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