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Genesis

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The Waters Recede

Chapter 8

1 But God remembered Noah and all the wild animals and domestic animals that were with him in the ark. God caused a wind to blow over the earth and the waters receded.⁠ 2 The fountains of the deep and the floodgates of heaven were closed, and the rain stopped falling from the sky.⁠ 3 The waters kept receding steadily from the earth, so that they had gone down by the end of the 150 days. 4 On the seventeenth day of the seventh month, the ark came to rest on one of the mountains of Ararat.⁠ 5 The waters kept on receding until the tenth month. On the first day of the tenth month, the tops of the mountains became visible.⁠ 6 At the end of 40 days, Noah opened the window he had made in the ark⁠ 7 and sent out a raven; it kept flying back and forth until the waters had dried up on the earth.⁠ 8 Then Noah sent out a dove to see if the waters had receded from the surface of the ground. 9 The dove could not find a resting place for its feet because water still covered the surface of the entire earth,⁠ and so it returned to Noah in the ark. He stretched out his hand, took the dove, and brought it back into the ark. 10 He waited seven more days and then sent out the dove again from the ark. 11 When the dove returned to him in the evening, there was a freshly plucked olive leaf in its beak! Noah knew that the waters had receded from the earth. 12 He waited another seven days and sent the dove out again, but it did not return to him this time. 13 In Noah’s six hundred and first year, in the first day of the first month, the waters had dried up from the earth, and Noah removed the covering from the ark and saw that the surface of the ground was dry. 14 And by the twenty-seventh day of the second month the earth was dry.

Leaving the Ark

15 Then God spoke to Noah and said, 16 “Come out of the ark, you, your wife, your sons, and your sons’ wives with you. 17 Bring out with you all the living creatures that are with you. Bring out every living thing, including the birds, animals, and every creeping thing that creeps on the earth. Let them increase and be fruitful and multiply on the earth!” 18 Noah went out along with his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives. 19 Every living creature, every creeping thing, every bird, and everything that moves on the earth went out of the ark in their groups.

Noah's Offering

20 Noah built an altar to the Lord. He then took some of every kind of clean animal and clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar.⁠ 21 And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma⁠ and said to himself,⁠ “I will never again curse the ground because of humankind,⁠ even though the inclination of their minds is evil from childhood on.⁠ I will never again destroy everything that lives, as I have just done. 22 “While the earth continues to exist, planting time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 8:21 and Leviticus 26:31

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Genesis 8, God “smells the soothing odor” after Noah’s sacrifice, using ritual language also found in Leviticus 26. This tradition of deities smelling sacrifices appears throughout the ancient Near East, including Babylonian literature.

Passages

Genesis 8:21

Hebrew Bible
20 Noah built an altar to the Lord. He then took some of every kind of clean animal and clean bird and offered burnt offerings on the altar. 21 And the Lord smelled the soothing aroma and said to himself, “I will never again curse the ground because of humankind, even though the inclination of their minds is evil from childhood on. I will never again destroy everything that lives, as I have just done. 22 “While the earth continues to exist, planting time and harvest, cold and heat, summer and winter, and day and night will not cease.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Leviticus 26:31

Hebrew Bible
30 I will destroy your high places and cut down your incense altars, and I will stack your dead bodies on top of the lifeless bodies of your idols. I will abhor you. 31 I will lay your cities waste and make your sanctuaries desolate, and I will refuse to smell your soothing aromas. 32 I myself will make the land desolate, and your enemies who live in it will be appalled. 33 I will scatter you among the nations and unsheathe the sword after you, so your land will become desolate and your cities will become a waste.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

References

"... rendered literally, the Babylonian lines read: "The gods smelled the odor; the gods smelled the good odor." Genesis 8:21 states: "And the Lord smelled the odor of tranquillization." The wording is not quite the same. Moreover, there is not a single etymological correspondence between the terms employed in one version and those used in the other. But the main consideration against the above contention is the fact that Genesis 8:21 does not contain an element foreign to the Old Testament but one which is identical in thought and language with numerous other passages. Exactly the same phraseology is found in Leviticus 26:31: "I will not smell the odor of your tranquillization." Much the same phrase occurs again in Amos 5:21: "I will not smell your solemn assemblies," and in 1 Samuel 26:19: "Let Him smell an offering," The same idea we meet again in the ever-recurring phrase of the ritual "a sweet savor unto the Lord," or, literally, "an odor of tranquillization unto the Lord" (compare especially Leviticus) ..."
Alexander Heidel, The Gilgamesh Epic and Old Testament Parallels (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1973), 265.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 8:21 and Leviticus 26:31

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