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Genesis

About this book

The Sons of God and Human Women

Chapter 6

1 When humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them,⁠ 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose.⁠ 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal.⁠ They will remain for 120 more years.”⁠ 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days⁠ (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind,⁠ who gave birth to their children.⁠ They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men.⁠

Human Wickedness and God's Judgment

5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.⁠ 7 So the Lord said, “I will blot out* humankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—everything⁠ from humankind to animals, including creatures that move on the ground and birds of the air, for I regret that I have made them.”⁠ 8 But Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord.

Noah and the Ark

9 This is the account of Noah. Noah was a godly man; he was blameless among his contemporaries. He walked with God. 10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 The earth was ruined in the sight of God; the earth was filled with violence.⁠ 12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful.⁠ 13 So God said to Noah,⁠ “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them.⁠ Now I am about to destroy them and the earth.⁠ 14 Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.⁠ 15 This is how you should make it: The ark is to be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. 16 Make a roof for the ark and finish it, leaving 18 inches from the top. Put a door in the side of the ark, and make lower, middle, and upper decks. 17 I am about to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy from under the sky all the living creatures that have the breath of life in them.⁠ Everything that is on the earth will die,⁠ 18 but I will confirm my covenant with you. You will enter the ark—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. 19 You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature from all flesh, male and female, to keep them alive with you.⁠ 20 Of the birds after their kinds, and of the cattle after their kinds, and of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you so you can keep them alive. 21 And you must take for yourself every kind of food that is eaten, and gather it together. It will be food for you and for them.” 22 And Noah did all that God commanded him—he did indeed.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 6:6 and 1 Enoch 55:2

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses

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Summary

1 Enoch 55 differs from Genesis by placing divine regret after the flood, while Genesis 6 presents God's regret before the flood. This change resembles Mesopotamian flood traditions and moves the divine sorrow from the cause of judgment to its aftermath.

Passages

Genesis 6:6

Hebrew Bible
5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended. 7 So the Lord said, “I will blot out* humankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—everything from humankind to animals, including creatures that move on the ground and birds of the air, for I regret that I have made them.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

1 Enoch 55:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 After that, the Head of Days felt remorse and said: 'In vain have I destroyed all who dwell on the earth.' 2 He swore by His great name: 'From now on, I will not act this way towards all who dwell on the earth, and I will set a sign in the heavens: and this will be a pledge of good faith between Me and them forever, as long as heaven is above the earth. This is according to My command.'
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

References

"... Other passages in 1 Enoch that refer to the Flood Narrative confirm this pattern. They are found in the second part, the first-century BCE “Book of the Parables” (1 Enoch 37–71), and in the second-century BCE “Dream Visions” (1 Enoch 83–90). One passage presents an interpolation describing the obliteration of all who dwell on earth by opening the chambers of the male waters above heaven and the female waters beneath the earth (1 Enoch 54:1–55:2). The cosmological distinction in gender most likely refers to the sons of God (in heaven) and the daughters of men (on earth) in Genesis 6:1–4. A remarkable feature in this passage is the divine response to this destruction. The “Head of Days” repents, saying: “In vain have I destroyed all who dwell on earth” (1 Enoch 55:1). This verse changes the image of God in the Flood Narrative by combining Genesis 8:20–21 and 9:11 with the divine pain and regret in response to the propagation of human violence in Genesis 6:6. If 1 Enoch no longer holds human beings fully accountable for the violence on earth, one might ask why humankind as a whole was obliterated. The fact that the divine regret comes after the flood – in some way resembling the divine reaction to the deluge in the Mesopotamian flood traditions – answers this question ..."
Koert van Bekkum, “Violence in the Flood Narrative: Text and Reception,” in Violence in the Hebrew Bible: Between Text and Reception, ed. J. van Ruiten and K. van Bekkum (Leiden: Brill, 2020), 67–96.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 6:6 and 1 Enoch 55:2

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