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Genesis

About this book

The Sons of God and Human Women

Chapter 6

1 When humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them,⁠ 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose.⁠ 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal.⁠ They will remain for 120 more years.”⁠ 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days⁠ (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind,⁠ who gave birth to their children.⁠ They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men.⁠

Human Wickedness and God's Judgment

5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.⁠ 7 So the Lord said, “I will blot out* humankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—everything⁠ from humankind to animals, including creatures that move on the ground and birds of the air, for I regret that I have made them.”⁠ 8 But Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord.

Noah and the Ark

9 This is the account of Noah. Noah was a godly man; he was blameless among his contemporaries. He walked with God. 10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 The earth was ruined in the sight of God; the earth was filled with violence.⁠ 12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful.⁠ 13 So God said to Noah,⁠ “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them.⁠ Now I am about to destroy them and the earth.⁠ 14 Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.⁠ 15 This is how you should make it: The ark is to be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. 16 Make a roof for the ark and finish it, leaving 18 inches from the top. Put a door in the side of the ark, and make lower, middle, and upper decks. 17 I am about to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy from under the sky all the living creatures that have the breath of life in them.⁠ Everything that is on the earth will die,⁠ 18 but I will confirm my covenant with you. You will enter the ark—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. 19 You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature from all flesh, male and female, to keep them alive with you.⁠ 20 Of the birds after their kinds, and of the cattle after their kinds, and of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you so you can keep them alive. 21 And you must take for yourself every kind of food that is eaten, and gather it together. It will be food for you and for them.” 22 And Noah did all that God commanded him—he did indeed.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 6:4 and 1 Enoch 7:2 and Baruch 3:26

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses · Deuterocanon

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Summary

1 Enoch and Baruch echo Genesis 6 and similarly reshape the story of the giants into a warning. Genesis describes the Nephilim as ancient warriors, and these later texts portray them as figures of arrogance whose downfall highlights divine judgment.

Passages

Genesis 6:4

Hebrew Bible
3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal. They will remain for 120 more years.” 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind, who gave birth to their children. They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men. 5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

1 Enoch 7:2

Pseudepigrapha, Apocalypses
1 And all the others together with them took wives for themselves, each choosing one for himself, and they began to unite with them and defiled themselves with them. They taught them sorcery, spells, and the art of extracting medicinal substances from plants. 2 The women became pregnant and gave birth to enormous giants, whose height was three thousand ells. 3 These giants consumed everything humans produced. 4 And when humans could no longer support them, the giants turned against them and devoured mankind.
300 BCE – 100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Enoch

Baruch 3:26

Deuterocanon
24 O Israel, how great is the house of God! How large is the place of his possession! 25 It is great and has no end. It is high and unmeasurable. 26 Giants were born that were famous of old, great of stature, and expert in war. 27 God didn’t choose these, nor did he give the way of knowledge to them, 28 so they perished, because they had no wisdom. They perished through their own foolishness.
200–50 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Baruch

References

"... 1 Enoch 7:3-5 ... In later literature, the giants' wickedness and God's punishment of it become proverbial, more so than the example of their fathers, the watchers. In Jubilees 7:22-23 the present passage is paraphrased with an emphasis on their violence. Sirach 16:7 speaks of their rebellion. They are one of a series of examples of God's not pardoning or showing pity to sinners. Similarly, 3 Maccabees 2:4 mentions them (as in Sirach 16:7, followed immediately by Sodom) in a catalog of sinners who were punished. Another such catalog of sinners appears in the Damascus Document 2:17-3:12. The giants and their fathers are said to have fallen, perhaps a play on the name nephilim. Wisdom of Solomon 14:6 mentions in passing that they were arrogant. In 1 Baruch 3:26-28 the giants are the example par excellence, and the only example, of folly ... the passage appears to depend both on Genesis 6:4 and the Enochic version with its reference to their destruction ..."
George W. E. Nickelsburg, A Commentary on the Book of 1 Enoch Chapters 1-36, 81-108 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2001), 186.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 6:4 and 1 Enoch 7:2 and Baruch 3:26

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