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Genesis

About this book

The Sons of God and Human Women

Chapter 6

1 When humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them,⁠ 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose.⁠ 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal.⁠ They will remain for 120 more years.”⁠ 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days⁠ (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind,⁠ who gave birth to their children.⁠ They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men.⁠

Human Wickedness and God's Judgment

5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.⁠ 7 So the Lord said, “I will blot out* humankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—everything⁠ from humankind to animals, including creatures that move on the ground and birds of the air, for I regret that I have made them.”⁠ 8 But Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord.

Noah and the Ark

9 This is the account of Noah. Noah was a godly man; he was blameless among his contemporaries. He walked with God. 10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 The earth was ruined in the sight of God; the earth was filled with violence.⁠ 12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful.⁠ 13 So God said to Noah,⁠ “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them.⁠ Now I am about to destroy them and the earth.⁠ 14 Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.⁠ 15 This is how you should make it: The ark is to be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. 16 Make a roof for the ark and finish it, leaving 18 inches from the top. Put a door in the side of the ark, and make lower, middle, and upper decks. 17 I am about to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy from under the sky all the living creatures that have the breath of life in them.⁠ Everything that is on the earth will die,⁠ 18 but I will confirm my covenant with you. You will enter the ark—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. 19 You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature from all flesh, male and female, to keep them alive with you.⁠ 20 Of the birds after their kinds, and of the cattle after their kinds, and of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you so you can keep them alive. 21 And you must take for yourself every kind of food that is eaten, and gather it together. It will be food for you and for them.” 22 And Noah did all that God commanded him—he did indeed.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 6:17 and Psalm 29:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis describes the flood as primordial, chaotic water released over the earth, and Psalm 29 pictures God ruling those same waters. Both reflect an ancient Near Eastern tradition where the upper seas were held above the firmament over the earth.

Passages

Genesis 6:17

Hebrew Bible
15 This is how you should make it: The ark is to be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. 16 Make a roof for the ark and finish it, leaving 18 inches from the top. Put a door in the side of the ark, and make lower, middle, and upper decks. 17 I am about to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy from under the sky all the living creatures that have the breath of life in them. Everything that is on the earth will die, 18 but I will confirm my covenant with you. You will enter the ark—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. 19 You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature from all flesh, male and female, to keep them alive with you.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Psalm 29:10

Hebrew Bible
8 The Lord’s shout shakes the wilderness; the Lord shakes the wilderness of Kadesh. 9 The Lord’s shout bends the large trees and strips the leaves from the forests. Everyone in his temple says, “Majestic!” 10 The Lord sits enthroned over the engulfing waters; the Lord sits enthroned as the eternal king. 11 The Lord gives his people strength; the Lord grants his people security.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... In the recent years, scholars have advanced this locative interpretation in connection with the Ugaritic Baal myths. For example, according to P.C. Craigie, the phrase lammabbûl 'over the flood' symbolizes the subjugation of chaotic forces. 'The Canaanite tradition may be seen in the depiction of the enthronement of Baal over the conquered 'flood' (Ugaritic mdb, see RS. 24.245, 1-2), and there has already been allusion to this incident in Psalm 29:3. F.M. Cross even translates both Hebrew mabbûl in Psalm 29:10 and Ugaritic mdb in KTU 1.101 [= RS 24.245]:1-2 as 'the Flood dragon'. In support of the locative interpretation, he notes the fact that 'The idiom yšb / ytb l-, 'to sit enthroned', is typical of Canaanite diction where normally Hebrew prefers ysb cl' Thus, these scholars see the motif of a warrior god's being enthroned over the conquered 'flood'. However, the Ugaritic term mdb 'flood, ocean' is never used for describing an enemy of Baal like Yamm/Nahar who was conquered by Baal. Even in KTU 1.101 it appears in a metaphor (i.e. 'like a flood') for a mighty power, as in KTU 1.23:34-35 where El's (sexual) power (literally 'hand') is mentioned. There is thus no evidence for the theory that mdb refers to a conquered enemy in Ugaritic mythology. In the same manner, Hebrew mabbûl simply means 'a flood', since it always refers to the 'Deluge' elsewhere (It appears twelve times in Genesis 6-11; Once in Psalm 29). Like the Ugaritic mdb, it is never used for describing an enemy of Yahweh; it signifies simply a mighty power by which Yahweh brought about the total destruction to this world. In other words, as far as the Biblical evidence goes, Yahweh never fought against the 'Deluge' (mabbûl); in the Flood story it was his instrument to destroy the mankind. Therefore, it is not likely that the 'Deluge' (mabbûl) in Psalm 29:10 is the conquered enemy on which Yahweh sat enthroned ..."
David T. Tsumura, “'The Deluge' (Mabbul) in Psalm 29:10,” UF 20 (1988).

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 6:17 and Psalm 29:10

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