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Genesis

About this book

The Sons of God and Human Women

Chapter 6

1 When humankind began to multiply on the face of the earth, and daughters were born to them,⁠ 2 the sons of God saw that the daughters of humankind were beautiful. Thus they took wives for themselves from any they chose.⁠ 3 So the Lord said, “My Spirit will not remain in humankind indefinitely, since they are mortal.⁠ They will remain for 120 more years.”⁠ 4 The Nephilim were on the earth in those days⁠ (and also after this) when the sons of God would sleep with the daughters of humankind,⁠ who gave birth to their children.⁠ They were the mighty heroes of old, the famous men.⁠

Human Wickedness and God's Judgment

5 But the Lord saw that the wickedness of humankind had become great on the earth. Every inclination of the thoughts of their minds was only evil all the time. 6 The Lord regretted that he had made humankind on the earth, and he was highly offended.⁠ 7 So the Lord said, “I will blot out* humankind, whom I have created, from the face of the earth—everything⁠ from humankind to animals, including creatures that move on the ground and birds of the air, for I regret that I have made them.”⁠ 8 But Noah found favor in the sight of the Lord.

Noah and the Ark

9 This is the account of Noah. Noah was a godly man; he was blameless among his contemporaries. He walked with God. 10 Noah had three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. 11 The earth was ruined in the sight of God; the earth was filled with violence.⁠ 12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful.⁠ 13 So God said to Noah,⁠ “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them.⁠ Now I am about to destroy them and the earth.⁠ 14 Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.⁠ 15 This is how you should make it: The ark is to be 450 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. 16 Make a roof for the ark and finish it, leaving 18 inches from the top. Put a door in the side of the ark, and make lower, middle, and upper decks. 17 I am about to bring floodwaters on the earth to destroy from under the sky all the living creatures that have the breath of life in them.⁠ Everything that is on the earth will die,⁠ 18 but I will confirm my covenant with you. You will enter the ark—you, your sons, your wife, and your sons’ wives with you. 19 You must bring into the ark two of every kind of living creature from all flesh, male and female, to keep them alive with you.⁠ 20 Of the birds after their kinds, and of the cattle after their kinds, and of every creeping thing of the ground after its kind, two of every kind will come to you so you can keep them alive. 21 And you must take for yourself every kind of food that is eaten, and gather it together. It will be food for you and for them.” 22 And Noah did all that God commanded him—he did indeed.

Texts in conversation

Compare Atrahasis and Genesis 6:13

Ancient Near East, Babylonian · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In Atrahasis the gods decree total destruction, and the text calls Enlil’s flood a bad deed against the people. Genesis reframes the same divine decision as a response to violence on earth, making moral corruption the cause of the flood.

Passages

Atrahasis

Ancient Near East, Babylonian
Let him choose Let Shullat and [Hanish] march [ahead] [Let Erakal pull out] the mooring poles Let [Ninurta] march, let him make [the weirs] overflow. The assembly Do not listen to The gods gave an explicit command. Ellil performed a bad deed to the people. Atrahasis made his voice heard And spoke to his master
1800–1701 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Atrahasis

Genesis 6:13

Hebrew Bible
12 God saw the earth, and indeed it was ruined, for all living creatures on the earth were sinful. 13 So God said to Noah, “I have decided that all living creatures must die, for the earth is filled with violence because of them. Now I am about to destroy them and the earth. 14 Make for yourself an ark of cypress wood. Make rooms in the ark, and cover it with pitch inside and out.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

“… Since George Smith read his paper ‘The Chaldean Account of the Deluge’ for the Society of Biblical Archaeology in 1872, there has been a wide reaching scholarly consensus that a Mesopotamian model formed the basis for the biblical flood story. We therefore start our comparison with the Mesopotamian traditions at this point. The comparison has mostly been between Gilgamesh and Genesis, since Gilgamesh as a readable story was known about hundred years earlier than Atrahasis, and the manuscripts to Atrahasis still are very fragmentary at this point of the story. As is commonly known, the flood version in Gilgamesh is dependent on Atrahasis in one version or another. We list the parallels in the table below according to relationship in themes in the order these themes occur in the compositions. Decision to send the Deluge: Atrahasis Tablet II, column viii, lines 34–35 reads, ‘The gods commanded total destruction, Enlil did an evil deed on the peoples,’ paralleled by Genesis 6:13, ‘And God said to Noah, I have determined to make an end of all flesh, for the earth is filled with violence because of them; now I am going to destroy them along with the earth.’ …”
Helge S. Kvanvig, Primeval History: Babylonian, Biblical, and Enochic: An Intertextual Reading, JSJSup 149 (Leiden: Brill, 2011), 211–212.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Atrahasis and Genesis 6:13

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