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Genesis

About this book

Jacob's Burial

Chapter 50

1 Then Joseph hugged his father’s face. He wept over him and kissed him. 2 Joseph instructed the physicians in his service to embalm his father, so the physicians embalmed Israel. 3 They took 40 days, for that is the full time needed for embalming. The Egyptians mourned for him 70 days. 4 When the days of mourning had passed, Joseph said to Pharaoh’s royal court, “If I have found favor in your sight, please say to Pharaoh, 5 ‘My father made me swear an oath. He said, “I am about to die. Bury me in my tomb that I dug for myself there in the land of Canaan.” Now let me go and bury my father; then I will return.’” 6 So Pharaoh said, “Go and bury your father, just as he made you swear to do.” 7 So Joseph went up to bury his father; all Pharaoh’s officials went with him—the senior courtiers of his household, all the senior officials of the land of Egypt, 8 all Joseph’s household, his brothers, and his father’s household. But they left their little children and their flocks and herds in the land of Goshen. 9 Chariots and horsemen also went up with him, so it was a very large entourage. 10 When they came to the threshing floor of Atad on the other side of the Jordan, they mourned there with very great and bitter sorrow. There Joseph observed a seven-day period of mourning for his father. 11 When the Canaanites who lived in the land saw them mourning at the threshing floor of Atad, they said, “This is a very sad occasion for the Egyptians.” That is why its name was called Abel Mizraim, which is beyond the Jordan. 12 So the sons of Jacob did for him just as he had instructed them. 13 His sons carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah,⁠ near Mamre. This is the field Abraham purchased as a burial plot from Ephron the Hittite. 14 After he buried his father, Joseph returned to Egypt, along with his brothers and all who had accompanied him to bury his father.

Joseph Reassures His Brothers

15 When Joseph’s brothers saw that their father was dead, they said, “What if Joseph bears a grudge and wants to repay us in full for all the harm we did to him?” 16 So they sent word to Joseph, saying, “Your father gave these instructions before he died: 17 ‘Tell Joseph this: Please forgive the sin of your brothers and the wrong they did when they treated you so badly.’ Now please forgive the sin of the servants of the God of your father.” When this message was reported to him, Joseph wept. 18 Then his brothers also came and threw themselves down before him; they said, “Here we are; we are your slaves.” 19 But Joseph answered them, “Don’t be afraid. Am I in the place of God?⁠ 20 As for you, you meant to harm me, but God intended it for a good purpose,⁠ so he could preserve the lives of many people,⁠ as you can see this day. 21 So now, don’t be afraid. I will provide for you and your little children.” Then he consoled them and spoke kindly to them.

Joseph's Final Request and Death

22 Joseph lived in Egypt, along with his father’s family. Joseph lived 110 years. 23 Joseph saw the descendants of Ephraim to the third generation. He also saw the children of Makir the son of Manasseh; they were given special inheritance rights by Joseph. 24 Then Joseph said to his brothers, “I am about to die. But God will surely come to you and lead you up from this land to the land he swore on oath to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.” 25 Joseph made the sons of Israel swear an oath. He said, “God will surely come to you. Then you must carry my bones up from this place.”⁠ 26 So Joseph died at the age of 110. After they embalmed him, his body was placed in a coffin in Egypt.

Texts in conversation

Sotah Has Hushim Slay Esau at Jacob’s Funeral

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

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Summary

Genesis describes Jacob’s quiet burial in the cave of Machpelah. Rabbinic tradition in tractate Sotah expands the moment as Esau interrupts to claim the plot of land, and Hushim son of Dan clubs him so that his eyes fall on Jacob’s legs.

Passages

Genesis 50:13

Hebrew Bible
12 So the sons of Jacob did for him just as he had instructed them. 13 His sons carried him to the land of Canaan and buried him in the cave of the field of Machpelah, near Mamre. This is the field Abraham purchased as a burial plot from Ephron the Hittite. 14 After he buried his father, Joseph returned to Egypt, along with his brothers and all who had accompanied him to bury his father.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Sotah 13a

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
Esau said to them: Bring the bill of sale to me, i.e., you can’t prove your claims. They said to him: The bill of sale is in the land of Egypt. They said: And who will go to bring it? Naphtali will go, for he is as fast as a doe, as it is written: “Naphtali is a doe let loose, he gives goodly words” (Genesis 49:21). Rabbi Abbahu says: Do not read it as “goodly words [imrei shafer]”; rather, read it as imrei sefer, i.e., the words of the book, as he returned to Egypt to retrieve the bill of sale. The Gemara relates: Hushim, the son of Dan, was there and his ears were heavy, i.e., he was hard of hearing. He said to them: What is this that is delaying the burial? And they said to him: This one, Esau, is preventing us from burying Jacob until Naphtali comes back from the land of Egypt with the bill of sale. He said to them: And until Naphtali comes back from the land of Egypt will our father’s father lie in degradation? He took a club [kulepa] and hit Esau on the head, and Esau’s eyes fell out and they fell on the legs of Jacob. Jacob opened his eyes and smiled. And this is that which is written: “The righteous shall rejoice when he sees the vengeance; he shall wash his feet in the blood of the wicked” (Psalms 58:11). At that moment the prophecy of Rebecca was fulfilled, as it is written that Rebecca said of Jacob and Esau: “Why should I be bereaved of you both in one day?” (Genesis 27:45), as Rebecca foresaw that the future bereavement for both her sons would be on the same day. The Gemara comments: And although their deaths were not on the same day, in any event their burials were on the same day, as Esau was killed and buried on the same day that Jacob was buried.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Sotah

References

“... b. Soṭah 13A: “They came as far as the barn for brambles” (Genesis 50:10). Is there a barn for brambles? Rabbi Abbahu (ca. 300) said, “This teaches that Jacob’s coffin was surrounded with crowns (wreaths) like a threshing floor is surrounded with thorns. For the sons of Esau, the sons of Ishmael, and the sons of Keturah came there.” It has been taught that all came to make war, but when they saw Joseph’s crown hanging on Jacob’s coffin, they took all their crowns and hung them on Jacob’s coffin... When they reached the double cave (near Hebron), Esau came and prevented (the burial)... Hushim, the son of Dan, who was hard of hearing, was there. He said to them, “What is here?” They said to him, “This man prevents (the burial) until Naphtali comes out of the land of Egypt.” He answered them, “Until Naphtali comes out of the land of Egypt, my grandfather is to lie there in contempt?” Then he took a club and hit him on his head such that his eyes fell out, and he fell down at Jacob’s feet. And Jacob opened his eyes, and he laughed; for this is what is written, “The righteous rejoice when they see vengeance...” (Psalm 58:11). In that hour, Rebekah’s prophecy was fulfilled: “Why should I lose you both in one day?” (Genesis 27:45). Although their death did not take place on the same day, their burials took place on the same day. ...”
Hermann L. Strack and Paul Billerbeck, A Commentary on the New Testament from the Talmud and Midrash, Volume 2: Mark through Acts (Bellingham, WA: Lexham, 2022), 1292.

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Genesis 50:13 and Sotah 13a

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