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Genesis

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Jacob's Family Meets Pharaoh

Chapter 47

1 Joseph went and told Pharaoh, “My father, my brothers, their flocks and herds, and all that they own have arrived from the land of Canaan. They are now in the land of Goshen.” 2 He took five of his brothers and introduced them to Pharaoh. 3 Pharaoh said to Joseph’s brothers, “What is your occupation?” They said to Pharaoh, “Your servants take care of flocks, just as our ancestors did.” 4 Then they said to Pharaoh, “We have come to live as temporary residents in the land. There is no pasture for your servants’ flocks because the famine is severe in the land of Canaan. So now, please let your servants live in the land of Goshen.” 5 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Your father and your brothers have come to you.⁠ 6 The land of Egypt is before you; settle your father and your brothers in the best region of the land. They may live in the land of Goshen. If you know of any highly capable men among them, put them in charge of my livestock.” 7 Then Joseph brought in his father Jacob and presented him before Pharaoh. Jacob blessed Pharaoh. 8 Pharaoh said to Jacob, “How long have you lived?” 9 Jacob said to Pharaoh, “All the years of my travels are 130. All the years of my life have been few and painful; the years of my travels are not as long as those of my ancestors.” 10 Then Jacob blessed Pharaoh and went out from his presence.

The Family Settles in Egypt

11 So Joseph settled his father and his brothers. He gave them territory in the land of Egypt, in the best region of the land, the land of Rameses,⁠ just as Pharaoh had commanded. 12 Joseph also provided food for his father, his brothers, and all his father’s household, according to the number of their little children.

Joseph Administers Egypt during the Famine

13 But there was no food in all the land because the famine was very severe; the land of Egypt and the land of Canaan wasted away because of the famine. 14 Joseph collected all the money that could be found in the land of Egypt and in the land of Canaan as payment for the grain they were buying. Then Joseph brought the money into Pharaoh’s palace. 15 When the money from the lands of Egypt and Canaan was used up, all the Egyptians came to Joseph and said, “Give us food! Why should we die before your very eyes because our money has run out?” 16 Then Joseph said, “If your money is gone, bring your livestock, and I will give you food in exchange for your livestock.” 17 So they brought their livestock to Joseph, and Joseph gave them food in exchange for their horses, the livestock of their flocks and herds, and their donkeys. He got them through that year by giving them food in exchange for all their livestock. 18 When that year was over, they came to him the next year and said to him, “We cannot hide from our lord that the money is used up and the livestock and the animals belong to our lord. Nothing remains before our lord except our bodies and our land. 19 Why should we die before your very eyes, both we and our land? Buy us and our land in exchange for food, and we, with our land, will become Pharaoh’s slaves. Give us seed that we may live and not die. Then the land will not become desolate.” 20 So Joseph bought all the land of Egypt for Pharaoh. Each of the Egyptians sold his field, for the famine was severe. So the land became Pharaoh’s. 21 Joseph moved the people to the cities36,⁠ from one end of Egypt’s border to the other end of it. 22 But he did not purchase the land of the priests because the priests had an allotment from Pharaoh and they ate from their allotment that Pharaoh gave them. That is why they did not sell their land. 23 Joseph said to the people, “Since I have bought you and your land today for Pharaoh, here is seed for you. Cultivate the land. 24 When the crop comes in, give one-fifth of it to Pharaoh. The remaining four-fifths will be yours for seed for the fields and for you to eat, including those in your households and your little children.” 25 They replied, “You have saved our lives! You are showing us favor, and we will be Pharaoh’s slaves.” 26 So Joseph made it a statute, which is in effect to this day throughout the land of Egypt: One-fifth belongs to Pharaoh. Only the land of the priests did not become Pharaoh’s. 27 Israel settled in the land of Egypt, in the land of Goshen, and they owned land there. They were fruitful and increased rapidly in number.

Jacob's Burial Request

28 Jacob lived in the land of Egypt 17 years; the years of Jacob’s life were 147 in all. 29 The time for Israel to die approached, so he called for his son Joseph and said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, put your hand under my thigh and show me kindness and faithfulness.⁠ Do not bury me in Egypt, 30 but when I rest with my fathers, carry me out of Egypt and bury me in their burial place.” Joseph said, “I will do as you say.” 31 Jacob said, “Swear to me that you will do so.” So Joseph gave him his word. Then Israel bowed down at the head of his bed.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 47:31 and LXX Genesis 47:31

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Genesis 47 says Israel bowed at the head of his bed after Joseph swore to bury him in Canaan. The Greek Septuagint says he bowed on top of his staff, because the translator misread the Hebrew consonants, which can mean either “bed” or “staff.”

Passages

Genesis 47:31

Hebrew Bible
29 The time for Israel to die approached, so he called for his son Joseph and said to him, “If now I have found favor in your sight, put your hand under my thigh and show me kindness and faithfulness. Do not bury me in Egypt, 30 but when I rest with my fathers, carry me out of Egypt and bury me in their burial place.” Joseph said, “I will do as you say.” 31 Jacob said, “Swear to me that you will do so.” So Joseph gave him his word. Then Israel bowed down at the head of his bed.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 47:31

Septuagint
29 and the days of Israel drew near for him to die: and he called his son Joseph, and said to him, If I have found favor before you, put your hand under my thigh, and you shall execute mercy and truth toward me, so as not to bury me in Egypt. 30 But I will sleep with my fathers, and you shall carry me up out of Egypt, and bury me in their tomb. And he said, I will do according to your word. 31 And he said, Swear to me; and he swore to him. And Israel did reverence, leaning on the top of his staff.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

References

"... the rendering of mittah "bed," a relatively rare word in Late Hebrew that was not understood by the translator of Genesis. This translator identified it as matteh in 47:31 ("staff" as in the earlier contexts Gen 38:18, 25), thus creating an unusual context: "Then Israel bowed at the head of the bed (NJPS)" — "and Israel did obeisance at the top of his staff (NETS)." Two verses later (48:2) as well as in 49:33 the translator correctly identified this word as "bed."" ..."
Emanuel Tov, “The Septuagint Translation of Genesis,” in Textual Criticism of the Hebrew Bible, Qumran, Septuagint: Collected Essays, Volume 3 (Leiden: Brill, 2015), 469.
"... The unpointed noun in Genesis could be read as either matteh ("staff") or mittah ("bed"), and the Greek translator inferred that the word staff was meant. Some centuries later, when vowel points were added to the Hebrew biblical texts, the noun in Genesis 47:31 was taken to mean "bed."" ..."
Karen H. Jobes and Moisés Silva, Invitation to the Septuagint (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2000), 24.
"... The Septuagint translator misread the Hebrew "bed" as "staff," since both nouns have the same consonantal spelling (Hebrew mth). In Hebrews 11:21 the writer quotes from the Septuagint, "By faith Jacob, when dying, blessed each of the sons of Joseph, bowing in worship over the top of his staff," instead of what the writer of Genesis 47:31 intended to say." ..."
Timothy Michael Law, When God Spoke Greek: The Septuagint and the Making of the Christian Bible (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 125.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 47:31 and LXX Genesis 47:31

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