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Genesis

About this book

Joseph Reveals His Identity

Chapter 45

1 Joseph was no longer able to control himself before all his attendants, so he cried out, “Make everyone go out from my presence!” No one remained with Joseph when he made himself known to his brothers.⁠ 2 He wept loudly; the Egyptians heard it and Pharaoh’s household heard about it. 3 Joseph said to his brothers, “I am Joseph! Is my father still alive?” His brothers could not answer him because they were dumbfounded before him. 4 Joseph said to his brothers, “Come closer to me,” so they came near. Then he said, “I am Joseph your brother, whom you sold into Egypt.⁠ 5 Now, do not be upset and do not be angry with yourselves because you sold me here, for God sent me ahead of you to preserve life!⁠ 6 For these past two years there has been famine in the land and for five more years there will be neither plowing nor harvesting. 7 God sent me ahead of you to preserve you on the earth and to save your lives by a great deliverance.⁠ 8 So now, it is not you who sent me here, but God. He has made me an adviser to Pharaoh, lord over all his household, and ruler over all the land of Egypt. 9 Now go up to my father quickly and tell him, ‘This is what your son Joseph says: “God has made me lord of all Egypt. Come down to me; do not delay! 10 You will live in the land of Goshen, and you will be near me—you, your children, your grandchildren, your flocks, your herds, and everything you have. 11 I will provide you with food there because there will be five more years of famine. Otherwise you would become poor—you, your household, and everyone who belongs to you.”’ 12 You and my brother Benjamin can certainly see with your own eyes that I really am the one who speaks to you. 13 So tell my father about all my honor in Egypt and about everything you have seen. But bring my father down here quickly!” 14 Then he threw himself on the neck of his brother Benjamin and wept, and Benjamin wept on his neck. 15 He kissed all his brothers and wept over them. After this his brothers talked with him. 16 Now it was reported in the household of Pharaoh, “Joseph’s brothers have arrived.” It pleased Pharaoh and his servants. 17 Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Say to your brothers, ‘Do this: Load your animals and go to the land of Canaan! 18 Get your father and your households and come to me! Then I will give you the best land in Egypt and you will eat the best of the land.’ 19 You are also commanded to say, ‘Do this: Take for yourselves wagons from the land of Egypt for your little ones and for your wives. Bring your father and come. 20 Don’t worry about your belongings, for the best of all the land of Egypt will be yours.’” 21 So the sons of Israel did as he said. Joseph gave them wagons as Pharaoh had instructed, and he gave them provisions for the journey. 22 He gave sets of clothes to each one of them,⁠ but to Benjamin he gave 300 pieces of silver and five sets of clothes. 23 To his father he sent the following: ten donkeys loaded with the best products of Egypt and ten female donkeys loaded with grain, food, and provisions for his father’s journey. 24 Then he sent his brothers on their way and they left. He said to them, “As you travel don’t be overcome with fear.”

The Brothers Bring News to Jacob

25 So they went up from Egypt and came to their father Jacob in the land of Canaan. 26 They told him, “Joseph is still alive and he is ruler over all the land of Egypt!” Jacob was stunned, for he did not believe them.⁠ 27 But when they related to him everything Joseph had said to them, and when he saw the wagons that Joseph had sent to transport him, their father Jacob’s spirit revived. 28 Then Israel said, “Enough! My son Joseph is still alive! I will go and see him before I die.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 37:23 and Genesis 45:22

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis marks a turning point when Joseph gives his brothers fine clothing, reversing the earlier scene where they stripped him and threw him into a pit. The shift from taking garments to giving them signals the move from betrayal to reconciliation.

Passages

Genesis 37:23

Hebrew Bible
22 Reuben continued, “Don’t shed blood! Throw him into this cistern that is here in the wilderness, but don’t lay a hand on him.” (Reuben said this so he could rescue Joseph from them and take him back to his father.) 23 When Joseph reached his brothers, they stripped him of his tunic, the special tunic that he wore. 24 Then they took him and threw him into the cistern. (Now the cistern was empty; there was no water in it.)
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Genesis 45:22

Hebrew Bible
21 So the sons of Israel did as he said. Joseph gave them wagons as Pharaoh had instructed, and he gave them provisions for the journey. 22 He gave sets of clothes to each one of them, but to Benjamin he gave 300 pieces of silver and five sets of clothes. 23 To his father he sent the following: ten donkeys loaded with the best products of Egypt and ten female donkeys loaded with grain, food, and provisions for his father’s journey.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

"... With all this tension built up, the narrative reaches its first climax. Joseph can no longer contain himself (Genesis 45:1) and reveals his identity. His brothers are incredulously silent. After initial tears (of relief? of joy?), Joseph explains how this all came about. Indeed, Joseph’s suppression of his tears or willingness to let them flow is an important narrative sign. While he kept his identity masked, he could not let his emotions be seen (Genesis 42:24; 43:30). Now he can reveal himself and let his emotions be seen by his family. Joseph’s visible tears are a visible reflection of the shift in the family’s conflict toward reconciliation. Unlike before, he no longer has to eat alone as an Egyptian far away from his brothers. He can now eat with them as a brother (Genesis 43:31–34) and give them festive clothes (Genesis 45:22) – a complete reversal of the situation in chapter 37, where it was he who was not allowed to eat with them or whose clothes were taken off him ..."
Magnus Rabel, “Developing Joseph’s Character: Narratological Reflections on the Dynamic Character of the Biblical Joseph,” BZ 68.1 (2024): 1–26.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 37:23 and Genesis 45:22

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