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Genesis

About this book

The Silver Cup

Chapter 44

1 He instructed the servant who was over his household, “Fill the sacks of the men with as much food as they can carry and put each man’s money in the mouth of his sack. 2 Then put my cup—the silver cup—in the mouth of the youngest one’s sack, along with the money for his grain.” He did as Joseph instructed. 3 When morning came, the men and their donkeys were sent off. 4 They had not gone very far from the city when Joseph said to the servant who was over his household, “Pursue the men at once! When you overtake them, say to them, ‘Why have you repaid good with evil? 5 Doesn’t my master drink from this cup⁠ and use it for divination? You have done wrong!’” 6 When the man overtook them, he spoke these words to them. 7 They answered him, “Why does my lord say such things? Far be it from your servants to do such a thing! 8 Look, the money that we found in the mouths of our sacks we brought back to you from the land of Canaan. Why then would we steal silver or gold from your master’s house? 9 If one of us has it, he will die, and the rest of us will become my lord’s slaves!” 10 He replied, “You have suggested your own punishment! The one who has it will become my slave, but the rest of you will go free.” 11 So each man quickly lowered his sack to the ground and opened it. 12 Then the man searched. He began with the oldest and finished with the youngest. The cup was found in Benjamin’s sack! 13 They all tore their clothes! Then each man loaded his donkey, and they returned to the city.

Judah Pleads for Benjamin

14 So Judah and his brothers came back to Joseph’s house. He was still there, and they threw themselves to the ground before him. 15 Joseph said to them, “What did you think you were doing? Don’t you know that a man like me can find out things like this by divination?” 16 Judah replied, “What can we say to my lord? What can we speak? How can we clear ourselves? God has exposed the sin of your servants! We are now my lord’s slaves, we and the one in whose possession the cup was found.” 17 But Joseph said, “Far be it from me to do this! The man in whose hand the cup was found will become my slave, but the rest of you may go back to your father in peace.” 18 Then Judah approached him and said, “My lord, please allow your servant to speak a word with you.⁠ Please do not get angry with your servant, for you are just like Pharaoh. 19 My lord asked his servants, ‘Do you have a father or a brother?’ 20 We said to my lord, ‘We have an aged father, and there is a young boy who was born when our father was old. The boy’s brother is dead. He is the only one of his mother’s sons left, and his father loves him.’ 21 “Then you told your servants, ‘Bring him down to me so I can see him.’ 22 We said to my lord, ‘The boy cannot leave his father. If he leaves his father, his father will die.’ 23 But you said to your servants, ‘If your youngest brother does not come down with you, you will not see my face again.’ 24 When we returned to your servant my father, we told him the words of my lord. 25 “Then our father said, ‘Go back and buy us a little food.’ 26 But we replied, ‘We cannot go down there. If our youngest brother is with us, then we will go, for we won’t be permitted to see the man’s face if our youngest brother is not with us.’ 27 “Then your servant my father said to us, ‘You know that my wife gave me two sons. 28 The first disappeared and I said, “He has surely been torn to pieces.” I have not seen him since. 29 If you take this one from me too and an accident happens to him, then you will bring down my gray hair in tragedy to the grave.’ 30 “So now, when I return to your servant my father, and the boy is not with us—his very life is bound up in his son’s life. 31 When he sees the boy is not with us, he will die, and your servants will bring down the gray hair of your servant our father in sorrow to the grave. 32 Indeed, your servant pledged security for the boy with my father,⁠ saying, ‘If I do not bring him back to you, then I will bear the blame before my father all my life.’ 33 “So now, please let your servant remain as my lord’s slave instead of the boy.⁠ As for the boy, let him go back with his brothers. 34 For how can I go back to my father if the boy is not with me? I couldn’t bear to see my father’s pain.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 44:18 and Jubilees 43:11

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Genesis 44, Judah delivers a long plea to Joseph, offering to stay as a slave so Benjamin can go free. Jubilees 43 retells this moment but shortens Judah’s speech to a few lines and trims its emotional appeal.

Passages

Genesis 44:18

Hebrew Bible
18 Then Judah approached him and said, “My lord, please allow your servant to speak a word with you. Please do not get angry with your servant, for you are just like Pharaoh. 19 My lord asked his servants, ‘Do you have a father or a brother?’ 20 We said to my lord, ‘We have an aged father, and there is a young boy who was born when our father was old. The boy’s brother is dead. He is the only one of his mother’s sons left, and his father loves him.’ 21 “Then you told your servants, ‘Bring him down to me so I can see him.’ 22 We said to my lord, ‘The boy cannot leave his father. If he leaves his father, his father will die.’ 23 But you said to your servants, ‘If your youngest brother does not come down with you, you will not see my face again.’ 24 When we returned to your servant my father, we told him the words of my lord. 25 “Then our father said, ‘Go back and buy us a little food.’
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 43:11

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
11 And Judah said: 'My lord, let your servant, please, speak a word in my lord's ear: your servant's mother bore two brothers to our father: one went away and was lost, and has not been found, and he alone is left of his mother, and your servant our father loves him, and his life also is bound up with the life of this (boy). 12 And when we go to your servant our father, and the boy is not with us, he will die, and we shall bring down our father with sorrow to death. 13 Now rather let me, your servant, remain instead of the boy as an enslaved servant to my lord, and let the boy go with his brothers, for I guaranteed his safety to your servant our father, and if I do not bring him back, your servant will bear the blame to our father forever.'
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... The reply of Judah should be the highlight of the drama in that what he has to say finally induces Joseph to end his pretense and disclose to them what is really going on. The narrator in Genesis assigns seventeen verses to his emotional outpouring before Joseph; these become just three verses in Jubilees. The writer of Jubilees leaves out most of the section in which his older brother rehearses the previous encounters between the Egyptian official (Joseph) and the brothers and the discussions with Jacob about sending Benjamin with them on the return trip to Egypt. He largely omits Genesis 44:19-29 (using one line from verse 20 and some words from verses 27-28), and then reproduces more of Genesis 44:30-33 but nothing from verse 34. ...
James C. VanderKam, Jubilees 1: A Commentary on the Book of Jubilees Chapters 1–21 (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018), 1079–1081.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 44:18 and Jubilees 43:11

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