Go to Related Reading
About this book

Genesis

About this book

Jacob Returns to Bethel

Chapter 35

1 Then God said to Jacob, “Go up at once to Bethel and live there. Make an altar there to God, who appeared to you when you fled from your brother Esau.” 2 So Jacob told his household and all who were with him, “Get rid of the foreign gods you have among you.⁠ Purify yourselves and change your clothes. 3 Let us go up at once to Bethel. Then I will make an altar there to God, who responded to me in my time of distress and has been with me wherever I went.” 4 So they gave Jacob all the foreign gods that were in their possession and the rings that were in their ears. Jacob buried them under the oak near Shechem⁠ 5 and they started on their journey. The surrounding cities were afraid of God, and they did not pursue the sons of Jacob. 6 Jacob and all those who were with him arrived at Luz (that is, Bethel) in the land of Canaan. 7 He built an altar there and named the place El Bethel because there God had revealed himself to him when he was fleeing from his brother. 8 (Deborah, Rebekah’s nurse, died and was buried under the oak below Bethel; thus it was named Oak of Weeping.) 9 God appeared to Jacob again after he returned from Paddan Aram and blessed him. 10 God said to him, “Your name is Jacob, but your name will no longer be called Jacob; Israel will be your name.” So God named him Israel. 11 Then God said to him, “I am the Sovereign God. Be fruitful and multiply!⁠ A nation—even a company of nations—will descend from you; kings will be among your descendants! 12 The land I gave to Abraham and Isaac I will give to you. To your descendants I will also give this land.” 13 Then God went up from the place where he spoke with him. 14 So Jacob set up a sacred stone pillar in the place where God spoke with him. He poured out a drink offering on it, and then he poured oil on it. 15 Jacob named the place where God spoke with him Bethel.

Rachel's Death and Benjamin's Birth

16 They traveled on from Bethel, and when Ephrath was still some distance away, Rachel went into labor—and her labor was hard. 17 When her labor was at its hardest, the midwife said to her, “Don’t be afraid, for you are having another son.” 18 With her dying breath, she named him Ben Oni. But his father called him Benjamin instead.⁠ 19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). 20 Jacob set up a marker over her grave; it is the Marker of Rachel’s Grave to this day. 21 Then Israel traveled on and pitched his tent beyond the Tower of the Flock.43⁠

Reuben and Jacob's Sons

22 While Israel was living in that land, Reuben went to bed with Bilhah, his father’s concubine,⁠ and Israel heard about it. Jacob had twelve sons:⁠ 23 The sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, as well as Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun. 24 The sons of Rachel were Joseph and Benjamin. 25 The sons of Bilhah, Rachel’s servant, were Dan and Naphtali. 26 The sons of Zilpah, Leah’s servant, were Gad and Asher. These were the sons of Jacob who were born to him in Paddan Aram.

Isaac's Death

27 So Jacob came back to his father Isaac in Mamre, to Kiriath Arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had stayed. 28 Isaac lived to be 180 years old. 29 Then Isaac breathed his last and joined his ancestors. He died an old man who had lived a full life. His sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 35:21 and Micah 4:8

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Micah refers to the Tower of the Flock, a phrase also used in Genesis 35 when Jacob camps near this location after Rachel’s death. Later tradition linked this with future hope, as seen in the Aramaic Targum Jonathan, which interprets it as the Messiah.

Passages

Genesis 35:21

Hebrew Bible
19 So Rachel died and was buried on the way to Ephrath (that is, Bethlehem). 20 Jacob set up a marker over her grave; it is the Marker of Rachel’s Grave to this day. 21 Then Israel traveled on and pitched his tent beyond the Tower of the Flock.43 22 While Israel was living in that land, Reuben went to bed with Bilhah, his father’s concubine, and Israel heard about it. Jacob had twelve sons: 23 The sons of Leah were Reuben, Jacob’s firstborn, as well as Simeon, Levi, Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Micah 4:8

Hebrew Bible
6 “In that day,” says the Lord, “I will gather the lame and assemble the outcasts whom I injured. 7 I will transform the lame into the nucleus of a new nation and those far off into a mighty nation. The Lord will reign over them on Mount Zion, from that day forward and forevermore. 8 As for you, watchtower for the flock, fortress of Daughter Zion—your former dominion will be restored, the sovereignty that belongs to Daughter Jerusalem.” 9 Jerusalem, why are you now shouting so loudly? Has your king disappeared? Has your wise leader been destroyed? Is this why pain grips you as if you were a woman in labor? 10 Twist and strain, Daughter Zion, as if you were in labor! For you will leave the city and live in the open field. You will go to Babylon, but there you will be rescued. There the Lord will deliver you from the power of your enemies.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Micah

References

"... Trito-Isaiah seems to hint at Micah 4:7 and 5:1 in Isaiah 60:22 ... Also, the messianic prophecy Zechariah 9:9-10 may have been partly inspired by Micah 5:4-5. Targum Jonathan interprets ‘tower of the flock’, in Micah 4:8 as the eschatological ‘Messiah of Israel’ who remains hidden because of Israel’s sins. Also Targum Pseudo-Jonathan on Genesis 35:21 reflects this interpretation .. This eschatological messianic exegesis is set forth in Targum Jonathan’s rendering of Micah 5:1 ..."
Johannes C. de Moor, Historical Commentary on the Old Testament: Micah (Leuven: Peeters, 2020), 218–219.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Genesis 35:21 and Micah 4:8

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library