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Genesis

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Dinah and the Violence at Shechem

Chapter 34

1 Now Dinah, Leah’s daughter whom she bore to Jacob, went to meet the young women of the land. 2 When Shechem son of Hamor the Hivite, who ruled that area, saw her, he grabbed her, forced himself on her, and sexually assaulted her.⁠ 3 Then he became very attached to Dinah,⁠ Jacob’s daughter. He fell in love with the young woman and spoke romantically to her. 4 Shechem said to his father Hamor, “Acquire this young girl as my wife.” 5 When Jacob heard that Shechem had violated his daughter Dinah, his sons were with the livestock in the field. So Jacob remained silent until they came in. 6 Then Shechem’s father Hamor went to speak with Jacob about Dinah. 7 Now Jacob’s sons had come in from the field when they heard the news. They were offended and very angry because Shechem had disgraced Israel by sexually assaulting Jacob’s daughter, a crime that should not be committed. 8 But Hamor made this appeal to them: “My son Shechem is in love with your daughter. Please give her to him as his wife. 9 Intermarry with us. Let us marry your daughters, and take our daughters as wives for yourselves. 10 You may live among us, and the land will be open to you. Live in it, travel freely in it, and acquire property in it.” 11 Then Shechem said to Dinah’s father and brothers, “Let me find favor in your sight, and whatever you require of me I’ll give. 12 You can make the bride price and the gift I must bring very expensive, and I’ll give whatever you ask of me. Just give me the young woman as my wife!”⁠ 13 Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully when they spoke because Shechem had violated their sister Dinah. 14 They said to them, “We cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised,⁠ for it would be a disgrace to us.⁠ 15 We will give you our consent on this one condition: You must become like us by circumcising all your males. 16 Then we will give you our daughters to marry, and we will take your daughters as wives for ourselves, and we will live among you and become one people. 17 But if you do not agree to our terms by being circumcised, then we will take our sister and depart.”⁠ 18 Their offer pleased Hamor and his son Shechem. 19 The young man did not delay in doing what they asked because he wanted Jacob’s daughter Dinah badly. (Now he was more important than anyone in his father’s household.) 20 So Hamor and his son Shechem went to the gate of their city and spoke to the men of their city, 21 “These men are at peace with us. So let them live in the land and travel freely in it, for the land is wide enough for them. We will take their daughters for wives, and we will give them our daughters to marry. 22 Only on this one condition will these men consent to live with us and become one people: They demand that every male among us be circumcised just as they are circumcised. 23 If we do so, won’t their livestock, their property, and all their animals become ours? So let’s consent to their demand, so they will live among us.” 24 All the men who assembled at the city gate agreed with Hamor and his son Shechem. Every male who assembled at the city gate was circumcised. 25 In three days, when they were still in pain, two of Jacob’s sons, Simeon and Levi, Dinah’s brothers, each took his sword and went to the unsuspecting city and slaughtered every male.⁠ 26 They killed Hamor and his son Shechem with the sword, took Dinah from Shechem’s house, and left. 27 Jacob’s sons killed them and looted the city because their sister had been violated. 28 They took their flocks, herds, and donkeys, as well as everything in the city and in the surrounding fields. 29 They captured as plunder all their wealth, all their little ones, and their wives, including everything in the houses. 30 Then Jacob said to Simeon and Levi, “You have brought ruin on me by making me a foul odor among the inhabitants of the land—among the Canaanites and the Perizzites. I am few in number; they will join forces against me and attack me, and both I and my family will be destroyed!” 31 But Simeon and Levi replied, “Should he treat our sister like a common prostitute?”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 34:14 and Joshua 5:9

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Joshua echoes Genesis 34 by using “disgrace” with circumcision. Genesis calls uncircumcision a disgrace while Shechem is deceived, and in Joshua the Israelites’ circumcision removes the “disgrace of Egypt,” a reference to Egyptian circumcision.

Passages

Genesis 34:14

Hebrew Bible
13 Jacob’s sons answered Shechem and his father Hamor deceitfully when they spoke because Shechem had violated their sister Dinah. 14 They said to them, “We cannot give our sister to a man who is not circumcised, for it would be a disgrace to us. 15 We will give you our consent on this one condition: You must become like us by circumcising all your males.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Joshua 5:9

Hebrew Bible
7 He replaced them with their sons, whom Joshua circumcised. They were uncircumcised; their fathers had not circumcised them along the way. 8 When all the men had been circumcised, they stayed there in the camp until they had healed. 9 The Lord said to Joshua, “Today I have taken away the disgrace of Egypt from you.” So that place is called Gilgal even to this day. 10 So the Israelites camped in Gilgal and celebrated the Passover in the evening of the fourteenth day of the month in the rift valley plains of Jericho.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

References

"... Another body of evidence is the presence of numerous cases of repeated prose images. A scene that is pictured in one story recurs in another part of the collection, along with some recurring word or phrase to confirm that the parallel pictures are related ... Both the deathbed scene of Jacob in Genesis and the deathbed scene of David in the Court History picture the father bowing on his bed to his own son (Genesis 47:31; 1 Kings 1:47). The J story of Shechem (Genesis 34:24) and the Joshua story of the Israelites’ arrival in the land (Joshua 5:8) both depict cases of men sitting and healing after circumcision; and both refer to the absence of circumcision as “a disgrace” (Genesis 34:14; Joshua 5:9). There are two scenes in which women enable men to escape when they are being sought by a king’s guards - a prostitute, Rahab, thus saves two spies whom Joshua sends into Jericho; and David’s wife Michal thus saves him from King Saul in the Court History—and both women are pictured as saving the men in the same manner and in the same wording: “And she let them down by a rope through the window” (Joshua 2:15; 1 Samuel 19:12) ..."
Richard Elliott Friedman, The Hidden Book in the Bible (San Francisco: Harper San Francisco, 1998), 29.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 34:14 and Joshua 5:9

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