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Genesis

About this book

Isaac Sends Jacob to Paddan-aram

Chapter 28

1 So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman! 2 Leave immediately for Paddan Aram! Go to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and find yourself a wife there, among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother. 3 May the Sovereign God bless you! May he make you fruitful and give you a multitude of descendants! Then you will become a large nation. 4 May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham so that you may possess the land God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.” 5 So Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean and brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Esau Marries Ishmael's Daughter

6 Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there. As he blessed him, Isaac commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman.” 7 Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan Aram. 8 Then Esau realized that the Canaanite women were displeasing to his father Isaac. 9 So Esau went to Ishmael and married Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, along with the wives he already had.

Jacob's Dream at Bethel

10 Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran. 11 He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place⁠ 12 and had a dream.⁠ He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens.⁠ The angels of God were going up and coming down it⁠ 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on. 14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out⁠ to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants. 15 I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!” 16 Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!”⁠ 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”⁠ 18 Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone.⁠ Then he poured oil on top of it.⁠ 19 He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz. 20 Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food to eat and clothing to wear, 21 and I return safely to my father’s home, then the Lord will become my God. 22 Then this stone that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 28:17 and 1 Chronicles 22:1

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

David's declaration at the threshing floor in 1 Chronicles mirrors Jacob's awestruck cry at Bethel in Genesis 28. The Chronicler links Jerusalem's temple site to Jacob's sacred encounter, merging two holy places into one.

Passages

Genesis 28:17

Hebrew Bible
16 Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!” 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!” 18 Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone. Then he poured oil on top of it. 19 He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

1 Chronicles 22:1

Hebrew Bible
1 David then said, “This is the place where the temple of the Lord God will be, along with the altar for burnt sacrifices for Israel.” 2 David ordered the resident foreigners in the land of Israel to be called together. He appointed some of them to be stonecutters to chisel stones for the building of God’s temple. 3 David supplied a large amount of iron for the nails of the doors of the gates and for braces, more bronze than could be weighed,
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Chronicles

References

"... In the later version of the story, the version in 1 Chronicles, a verse was added that is not found in 2 Samuel: "David said, 'This is the House of the Lord God [beit 'adonai ha-'elohim] and this is the altar of burnt offerings for Israel'" (1 Chronicles 22:1). In both the story of Jacob's dream and the Chronicles version of the threshing floor story, the speaker's response is one of fear — Jacob says, "How terrifying is this place" (Genesis 28:17), and David "was scared by the sword of the angel of the Lord" (1 Chronicles 21:30). The verse in 1 Chronicles appears to have been purposefully fashioned according to the form of the other (compare David's words in 1 Chronicles 22:1 with Jacob's proclamation in Genesis — "This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate to heaven" [28:17]), conveying the notion that Jerusalem and Bethel, two cultic centers, are but alternative names for the same location. ..."
Avigdor Shinan and Yair Zakovitch, From Gods to God: How the Bible Debunked, Suppressed, or Changed Ancient Myths and Legends, trans. Valerie Zakovitch (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, 2012), 84–85.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 28:17 and 1 Chronicles 22:1

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