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Genesis

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Isaac Sends Jacob to Paddan-aram

Chapter 28

1 So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman! 2 Leave immediately for Paddan Aram! Go to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and find yourself a wife there, among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother. 3 May the Sovereign God bless you! May he make you fruitful and give you a multitude of descendants! Then you will become a large nation. 4 May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham so that you may possess the land God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.” 5 So Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean and brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Esau Marries Ishmael's Daughter

6 Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there. As he blessed him, Isaac commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman.” 7 Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan Aram. 8 Then Esau realized that the Canaanite women were displeasing to his father Isaac. 9 So Esau went to Ishmael and married Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, along with the wives he already had.

Jacob's Dream at Bethel

10 Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran. 11 He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place⁠ 12 and had a dream.⁠ He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens.⁠ The angels of God were going up and coming down it⁠ 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on. 14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out⁠ to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants. 15 I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!” 16 Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!”⁠ 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”⁠ 18 Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone.⁠ Then he poured oil on top of it.⁠ 19 He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz. 20 Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food to eat and clothing to wear, 21 and I return safely to my father’s home, then the Lord will become my God. 22 Then this stone that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 28:12 and John 1:51

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

John describes angels ascending and descending, language that recalls Jacob’s dream in Genesis of a stairway on a ziggurat reaching heaven, with angels moving up and down on it, connecting Jesus with this concept of heaven and earth coming together.

Passages

Genesis 28:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran. 11 He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place 12 and had a dream. He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on. 14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

John 1:51

New Testament
47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming toward him and exclaimed, “Look, a true Israelite in whom there is no deceit!” 48 Nathanael asked him, “How do you know me?” Jesus replied, “Before Philip called you, when you were under the fig tree, I saw you.” 49 Nathanael answered him, “Rabbi, you are the Son of God; you are the king of Israel!” 50 Jesus said to him, “Because I told you that I saw you under the fig tree, do you believe? You will see greater things than these.” 51 He continued, “I tell all of you the solemn truth—you will see heaven opened and the angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of Man.”
90–110 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in John

References

"... scholars evaluating textual manifestations of ‘voices from the past’ have outlined an extraordinary ‘spectrum of possible scenarios’ in the way texts and oral influences may have contributed to the composition, performance, and reception of the enduring textualized product. This spectrum of scenarios will be no less diverse when it comes to the question of associations and how an author might have come to include them in his work. This can make it very difficult to assess, with any certainty, how certain associations came to be, whether by textual, traditional, or (likely in many instances) a combination of textual-and-traditional processes. It is painfully difficult to tell, for example, whether John 1:51 is specifically dependent upon, and thus specifically referring to, the text of Genesis 28:12, or whether it more flexibly intersects with popularized Jacob traditions (that themselves may or may not also be cognizant of one or several possible texts). The phrase ‘ascending and descending’ in context unambiguously and exclusively signals neither a text nor a traditional repertoire nor any combination thereof. That it refers to the Jacob-at-Bethel story is fairly clear ..."
Edward H. Gerber, The Scriptural Tale in the Fourth Gospel: With Particular Reference to the Prologue and a Syncretic (Oral and Written) Poetics, BibInt 147 (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 109, 166.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 28:12 and John 1:51

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