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Genesis

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Isaac Sends Jacob to Paddan-aram

Chapter 28

1 So Isaac called for Jacob and blessed him. Then he commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman! 2 Leave immediately for Paddan Aram! Go to the house of Bethuel, your mother’s father, and find yourself a wife there, among the daughters of Laban, your mother’s brother. 3 May the Sovereign God bless you! May he make you fruitful and give you a multitude of descendants! Then you will become a large nation. 4 May he give you and your descendants the blessing he gave to Abraham so that you may possess the land God gave to Abraham, the land where you have been living as a temporary resident.” 5 So Isaac sent Jacob on his way, and he went to Paddan Aram, to Laban son of Bethuel the Aramean and brother of Rebekah, the mother of Jacob and Esau.

Esau Marries Ishmael's Daughter

6 Esau saw that Isaac had blessed Jacob and sent him off to Paddan Aram to find a wife there. As he blessed him, Isaac commanded him, “You must not marry a Canaanite woman.” 7 Jacob obeyed his father and mother and left for Paddan Aram. 8 Then Esau realized that the Canaanite women were displeasing to his father Isaac. 9 So Esau went to Ishmael and married Mahalath, the sister of Nebaioth and daughter of Abraham’s son Ishmael, along with the wives he already had.

Jacob's Dream at Bethel

10 Meanwhile Jacob left Beer Sheba and set out for Haran. 11 He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place⁠ 12 and had a dream.⁠ He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens.⁠ The angels of God were going up and coming down it⁠ 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on. 14 Your descendants will be like the dust of the earth, and you will spread out⁠ to the west, east, north, and south. And so all the families of the earth may receive blessings through you and through your descendants. 15 I am with you! I will protect you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land. I will not leave you until I have done what I promised you!” 16 Then Jacob woke up and thought, “Surely the Lord is in this place, but I did not realize it!”⁠ 17 He was afraid and said, “What an awesome place this is! This is nothing else than the house of God! This is the gate of heaven!”⁠ 18 Early in the morning Jacob took the stone he had placed near his head and set it up as a sacred stone.⁠ Then he poured oil on top of it.⁠ 19 He called that place Bethel, although the former name of the town was Luz. 20 Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God is with me and protects me on this journey I am taking and gives me food to eat and clothing to wear, 21 and I return safely to my father’s home, then the Lord will become my God. 22 Then this stone that I have set up as a sacred stone will be the house of God, and I will surely give you back a tenth of everything you give me.”⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 28:12 and Irenaeus, Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching 46

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian

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Summary

In Genesis, Jacob dreams of a stairway whose top reaches heaven, with angels ascending and descending. The Christian theologian Irenaeus interprets it as the cross, calling it the tree set up from earth to heaven on which believers go up to the heavens.

Passages

Genesis 28:12

Hebrew Bible
11 He reached a certain place where he decided to camp because the sun had gone down. He took one of the stones and placed it near his head. Then he fell asleep in that place 12 and had a dream. He saw a stairway erected on the earth with its top reaching to the heavens. The angels of God were going up and coming down it 13 and the Lord stood at its top. He said, “I am the Lord, the God of your grandfather Abraham and the God of your father Isaac. I will give you and your descendants the ground you are lying on.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Irenaeus, Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching 46

Early Christian
45 And Jacob, when he went into Mesopotamia, saw Him in a dream, standing upon the ladder, that is the tree which was set up from earth to heaven; for thereby they that believe on Him go up to the heavens. For His sufferings are our ascension on high. And all such visions point to the Son of God, speaking with men and being in their midst. For it was not the Father of all, who is not seen by the world, the Maker of all who has said: Heaven is my throne, and earth is my footstool: what house will ye build me, or what is the place of my rest? And who comprehendeth the earth with his hand, and with his span the heaven—it was not He that came and stood in a very small space and spake with Abraham; but the Word of God, who was ever with mankind, and made known beforehand what should come to pass in the future, and taught men the things of God.

References

“... The moral-allegorical interpretation just mentioned is repeated in Christianity, as a general determination of piety and asceticism as well as an allusion to the infinite ascent of the soul to God described in the Beatitudes. Ephraem the Syrian in one of his ‘Hymns on the Feast of Epiphany’ compares Jesus on the day of his baptism in the Jordan with Jacob’s ladder, because he united the water on earth with the gate of heaven. Where the ladder symbolizes the cross of Christ, the soteriological or the ethical aspect of the cross can be in the foreground. ...”
Martin Meiser, The Septuagint and Its Reception: Collected Essays (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022), 485–486.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 28:12 and Irenaeus, Demonstration of the Apostolic Preaching 46

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