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Genesis

About this book

The Testing of Abraham

Chapter 22

1 Some time after these things God tested Abraham.⁠ He said to him, “Abraham!” “Here I am!” Abraham replied.⁠ 2 God said, “Take your⁠ son—your only son, whom you love, Isaac—and go to the land of Moriah!⁠ Offer him up there as a burnt offering⁠ on one of the mountains which I will indicate to you.”⁠ 3 Early in the morning Abraham got up and saddled his donkey. He took two of his young servants with him,⁠ along with his son Isaac. When he had cut the wood for the burnt offering, he started out for the place God had spoken to him about. 4 On the third day Abraham caught sight of the place in the distance. 5 So he said to his servants, “You two stay here with the donkey while the boy and I go up there. We will worship and then return to you.”⁠ 6 Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and put it on his son Isaac. Then he took the fire and the knife in his hand, and the two of them walked on together. 7 Isaac said to his father Abraham, “My father?” “What is it, my son?” he replied. “Here is the fire and the wood,” Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?”⁠ 8 “God will provide for himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son,” Abraham replied. The two of them continued on together. 9 When they came to the place God had told him about, Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood on it. Next he tied up his son Isaac and placed him on the altar on top of the wood.⁠ 10 Then Abraham reached out his hand, took the knife,⁠ and prepared to slaughter his son.⁠ 11 But the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven, “Abraham! Abraham!” “Here I am!” he answered.⁠ 12 “Do not harm the boy!” the angel said. “Do not do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God⁠ because you did not withhold your son,⁠ your only son, from me.” 13 Abraham looked up and saw behind him a ram caught in the bushes by its horns.⁠ So he went over and got the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 And Abraham called the name of that place “The Lord provides.” It is said to this day, “In the mountain of the Lord provision will be made.”⁠ 15 The angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from heaven 16 and said, “I solemnly swear by my own name, decrees the Lord, that because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 I will indeed bless you, and I will greatly multiply your descendants so that they will be as countless as the stars in the sky or the grains of sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the strongholds of their enemies. 18 Because you have obeyed me, all the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants.” 19 Then Abraham returned to his servants, and they set out together for Beer Sheba where Abraham stayed.⁠

Nahor's Descendants

20 After these things Abraham was told, “Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor— 21 Uz the firstborn, his brother Buz, Kemuel (the father of Aram), 22 Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 23 (Now Bethuel became the father of Rebekah.) These were the eight sons Milcah bore to Abraham’s brother Nahor. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore him children—Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 22:6 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 1.13

Hebrew Bible · Classical

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Summary

Josephus retells the Akedah with Isaac as a willing 25-year-old who accepts his role after Abraham explains his reasoning. Unlike Genesis 22, where Isaac asks only about the lamb, Josephus adds a speech where Isaac answers “with generous resolve.”

Passages

Genesis 22:6

Hebrew Bible
5 So he said to his servants, “You two stay here with the donkey while the boy and I go up there. We will worship and then return to you.” 6 Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and put it on his son Isaac. Then he took the fire and the knife in his hand, and the two of them walked on together. 7 Isaac said to his father Abraham, “My father?” “What is it, my son?” he replied. “Here is the fire and the wood,” Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?” 8 “God will provide for himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son,” Abraham replied. The two of them continued on together. 9 When they came to the place God had told him about, Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood on it. Next he tied up his son Isaac and placed him on the altar on top of the wood.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis
3 When the altar was prepared, Abraham said to Isaac, “My son, I long prayed for you. Once you were born, I worked tirelessly for your well-being and took joy in seeing you become a man, hoping to leave you as my heir. Yet, because it is God’s will—who made me your father—that I now give you to Him, accept this consecration with a noble spirit. I offer you not as an ordinary sacrifice, but to God, who deemed you worthy of avoiding death by illness or war. He calls you to Himself with prayers and sacred rites, so that you will assist me in my old age, coming to my aid with God’s favor, for whose honor you are offered.” Isaac, with equally generous resolve, answered that he would not oppose the will of God or his father. So he went willingly to the altar. 4 But just when Abraham raised the knife, God called his name and forbade him to harm the boy, clarifying He did not desire human blood nor intend to deprive Abraham of a beloved son, only to test his obedience. He promised to reward Abraham’s faith, giving him many more children and declaring Isaac would live a long and happy life, leaving a large heritage to his offspring. They would form many nations, giving their ancestors everlasting renown and inheriting Canaan, envied by all. A ram then appeared for the sacrifice. Reunited in surprise and relief, father and son, after sacrificing the ram, returned to Sarah to live out their days under God’s good favor.

References

“... It is not hard to detect Josephus” apologetic intentions in his rewriting of the aqedah. He clearly wishes his cultured Greek-speaking readership to think of the aqedah in terms other than that of a child sacrifice narrowly averted and to view Judaism as a lofty philosophy rather than a barbarian cult founded by a man who would gladly kill his own son. Josephus accomplishes these goals by putting in Abraham”s mouth a carefully reasoned explanation of his behavior and in Isaac”s, a statement of unqualified assent. But the notion that Isaac (here presented as twenty-five years old in Jewish Antiquities 1:227) gladly accepts his role in the aqedah is not exclusively a figment of Josephus” apologetic motives. It is, as we have seen, a feature prominent in other Jewish retellings from the period, works composed for internal consumption and surely reflecting generations of midrashic development ...”
Jon D. Levenson, The Death and Resurrection of the Beloved Son: The Transformation of Child Sacrifice in Judaism and Christianity (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993), 191.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 22:6 and Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews 1.13

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