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Genesis

About this book

The Testing of Abraham

Chapter 22

1 Some time after these things God tested Abraham.⁠ He said to him, “Abraham!” “Here I am!” Abraham replied.⁠ 2 God said, “Take your⁠ son—your only son, whom you love, Isaac—and go to the land of Moriah!⁠ Offer him up there as a burnt offering⁠ on one of the mountains which I will indicate to you.”⁠ 3 Early in the morning Abraham got up and saddled his donkey. He took two of his young servants with him,⁠ along with his son Isaac. When he had cut the wood for the burnt offering, he started out for the place God had spoken to him about. 4 On the third day Abraham caught sight of the place in the distance. 5 So he said to his servants, “You two stay here with the donkey while the boy and I go up there. We will worship and then return to you.”⁠ 6 Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and put it on his son Isaac. Then he took the fire and the knife in his hand, and the two of them walked on together. 7 Isaac said to his father Abraham, “My father?” “What is it, my son?” he replied. “Here is the fire and the wood,” Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?”⁠ 8 “God will provide for himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son,” Abraham replied. The two of them continued on together. 9 When they came to the place God had told him about, Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood on it. Next he tied up his son Isaac and placed him on the altar on top of the wood.⁠ 10 Then Abraham reached out his hand, took the knife,⁠ and prepared to slaughter his son.⁠ 11 But the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven, “Abraham! Abraham!” “Here I am!” he answered.⁠ 12 “Do not harm the boy!” the angel said. “Do not do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God⁠ because you did not withhold your son,⁠ your only son, from me.” 13 Abraham looked up and saw behind him a ram caught in the bushes by its horns.⁠ So he went over and got the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 And Abraham called the name of that place “The Lord provides.” It is said to this day, “In the mountain of the Lord provision will be made.”⁠ 15 The angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from heaven 16 and said, “I solemnly swear by my own name, decrees the Lord, that because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 I will indeed bless you, and I will greatly multiply your descendants so that they will be as countless as the stars in the sky or the grains of sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the strongholds of their enemies. 18 Because you have obeyed me, all the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants.” 19 Then Abraham returned to his servants, and they set out together for Beer Sheba where Abraham stayed.⁠

Nahor's Descendants

20 After these things Abraham was told, “Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor— 21 Uz the firstborn, his brother Buz, Kemuel (the father of Aram), 22 Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 23 (Now Bethuel became the father of Rebekah.) These were the eight sons Milcah bore to Abraham’s brother Nahor. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore him children—Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 22:19 and Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 31:10

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

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Summary

In Genesis, Abraham returns from Mount Moriah without Isaac mentioned with him. Rabbinic tradition in Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer interprets this as Isaac being killed and then resurrected when God spoke from between the cherubs.

Passages

Genesis 22:19

Hebrew Bible
18 Because you have obeyed me, all the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants.” 19 Then Abraham returned to his servants, and they set out together for Beer Sheba where Abraham stayed. 20 After these things Abraham was told, “Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor—
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 31:10

Rabbinic
Rabbi Jehudah said: When the blade touched his neck, the soul of Isaac fled and departed, (but) when he heard His voice from between the two Cherubim, saying (to Abraham), "Lay not thine hand upon the lad" (Gen. 22:12), his soul returned to his body, and (Abraham) set him free, and Isaac stood upon his feet. And Isaac knew that in this manner the dead in the future will be quickened. He opened (his mouth), and said: Blessed art thou, O Lord, who quickeneth the dead. ||
630–1030 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer

References

... In considering the first of the three moments, the aqedah, there is little to help us determine precisely when the idea arose that Isaac was actually sacrificed but resurrected afterward. Hints of this appear in relatively early rabbinic sources, but the idea emerges in full clarity only later. An especially apposite example occurs in the same chapter of the Pirké de-Rabbi Eliezer as our previous midrash: Rabbi Judah says: As soon as the sword reached his throat, Isaac’s soul took flight and left. As soon as he [i.e., God] made his voice audible from between the cherubs and said, “Do not raise your hand against the boy” (Genesis 22:12), his soul returned to his body. He [i.e., his father Abraham] untied him, and he stood upon his feet. Isaac saw the resurrection of the dead from the Torah, that all the dead are destined to be resurrected. At that moment, he opened his mouth and said, “Blessed are You, O Lord, who revive the dead.” (Pirké de Rabbi Eliezer 31). This time, too, Isaac dies, but not because his father has dutifully sacrificed him. Instead, like Israel’s death at Sinai (in one interpretation), he dies of the sheer fright of the experience. ...
Jon D. Levenson, Resurrection and the Restoration of Israel: The Ultimate Victory of the God of Life (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2006), 228.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 22:19 and Pirkei DeRabbi Eliezer 31:10

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