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Genesis

About this book

The Testing of Abraham

Chapter 22

1 Some time after these things God tested Abraham.⁠ He said to him, “Abraham!” “Here I am!” Abraham replied.⁠ 2 God said, “Take your⁠ son—your only son, whom you love, Isaac—and go to the land of Moriah!⁠ Offer him up there as a burnt offering⁠ on one of the mountains which I will indicate to you.”⁠ 3 Early in the morning Abraham got up and saddled his donkey. He took two of his young servants with him,⁠ along with his son Isaac. When he had cut the wood for the burnt offering, he started out for the place God had spoken to him about. 4 On the third day Abraham caught sight of the place in the distance. 5 So he said to his servants, “You two stay here with the donkey while the boy and I go up there. We will worship and then return to you.”⁠ 6 Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and put it on his son Isaac. Then he took the fire and the knife in his hand, and the two of them walked on together. 7 Isaac said to his father Abraham, “My father?” “What is it, my son?” he replied. “Here is the fire and the wood,” Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?”⁠ 8 “God will provide for himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son,” Abraham replied. The two of them continued on together. 9 When they came to the place God had told him about, Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood on it. Next he tied up his son Isaac and placed him on the altar on top of the wood.⁠ 10 Then Abraham reached out his hand, took the knife,⁠ and prepared to slaughter his son.⁠ 11 But the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven, “Abraham! Abraham!” “Here I am!” he answered.⁠ 12 “Do not harm the boy!” the angel said. “Do not do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God⁠ because you did not withhold your son,⁠ your only son, from me.” 13 Abraham looked up and saw behind him a ram caught in the bushes by its horns.⁠ So he went over and got the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 And Abraham called the name of that place “The Lord provides.” It is said to this day, “In the mountain of the Lord provision will be made.”⁠ 15 The angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from heaven 16 and said, “I solemnly swear by my own name, decrees the Lord, that because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 I will indeed bless you, and I will greatly multiply your descendants so that they will be as countless as the stars in the sky or the grains of sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the strongholds of their enemies. 18 Because you have obeyed me, all the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants.” 19 Then Abraham returned to his servants, and they set out together for Beer Sheba where Abraham stayed.⁠

Nahor's Descendants

20 After these things Abraham was told, “Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor— 21 Uz the firstborn, his brother Buz, Kemuel (the father of Aram), 22 Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 23 (Now Bethuel became the father of Rebekah.) These were the eight sons Milcah bore to Abraham’s brother Nahor. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore him children—Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 22:14 and Neofiti Genesis 22:14

Hebrew Bible · Targum

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Summary

In Genesis, Abraham names the mountain where God provided a ram instead of Isaac. The Aramaic Targum Neofiti adds a prayer in which Abraham says his heart was not divided when told to sacrifice his son, and asks God to remember this for his descendants.

Passages

Genesis 22:14

Hebrew Bible
12 “Do not harm the boy!” the angel said. “Do not do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God because you did not withhold your son, your only son, from me.” 13 Abraham looked up and saw behind him a ram caught in the bushes by its horns. So he went over and got the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 And Abraham called the name of that place “The Lord provides.” It is said to this day, “In the mountain of the Lord provision will be made.” 15 The angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from heaven 16 and said, “I solemnly swear by my own name, decrees the Lord, that because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Neofiti Genesis 22:14

Targum
12 And he said, “Do not put out your hand against the boy, and do not do anything to him; for now I know that you fear from before the Lord, and you have not withheld your son, your only one, from me.” 13 And Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw, and there was a ram caught in a tree by its horns. And Abraham went and took the ram and offered it as a burnt offering in place of his son. 14 And Abraham worshiped and prayed in the name of the Memra of the Lord, and said, “I beg, by the mercy from before you, Lord: everything is revealed and known before you, that there was no division in my heart at the first time, when you told me to offer Isaac my son, to make him dust and ashes before you; but at once I rose early in the morning and carried out your word with joy, and I fulfilled your decree. And now, when his sons stand in the hour of distress, may you remember the binding of Isaac their father, and hear the voice of their prayer, and answer them, and save them from every distress, so that the generations that are to arise after him will say: On the mountain of the sanctuary of the Lord Abraham offered Isaac his son, and on this mountain the Glory of the Shekinah of the Lord was revealed to him.” 15 And the angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from the heavens, 16 and said, “By the name of his Memra I have sworn, says the Lord: because you have done this thing and have not withheld your son, your only one,
300–600 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Neofiti Genesis

References

"... Israel was commanded to love God 'with all her heart (Deuteronomy 6:5). In the targum full devotion to God is described as a 'perfect heart,' i.e. one that is completely set on God, not divided between him and created things. Palestinian Targum Genesis 22:6, 8 says that Abraham and Isaac 'walked together with a perfect heart'. After the sacrifice of the animal in Isaac's stead Abraham reminds God: 'There was no division in my heart the first time that you said to me to sacrifice my son' (Palestinian Targum Genesis 22:14), i.e. it was whole, perfect, not divided between God and creatures. At Sinai all Israel 'answered with a perfect heart' that they would obey God's words (Palestinian Targum Exodus 19:8). Finally, in the verse preceding the command to love God with all one's heart, the twelve tribes of Jacob answered together 'with a perfect heart and said: Listen to us, Israel, our father the Lord our God is one' (Palestinian Targum Deuteronomy 6:4) ..."
Martin McNamara, Targum and Testament Revisited: Aramaic Paraphrases of the Hebrew Bible: A Light on the New Testament, 2nd ed. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2010), 189.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 22:14 and Neofiti Genesis 22:14

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