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Genesis

About this book

The Testing of Abraham

Chapter 22

1 Some time after these things God tested Abraham.⁠ He said to him, “Abraham!” “Here I am!” Abraham replied.⁠ 2 God said, “Take your⁠ son—your only son, whom you love, Isaac—and go to the land of Moriah!⁠ Offer him up there as a burnt offering⁠ on one of the mountains which I will indicate to you.”⁠ 3 Early in the morning Abraham got up and saddled his donkey. He took two of his young servants with him,⁠ along with his son Isaac. When he had cut the wood for the burnt offering, he started out for the place God had spoken to him about. 4 On the third day Abraham caught sight of the place in the distance. 5 So he said to his servants, “You two stay here with the donkey while the boy and I go up there. We will worship and then return to you.”⁠ 6 Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and put it on his son Isaac. Then he took the fire and the knife in his hand, and the two of them walked on together. 7 Isaac said to his father Abraham, “My father?” “What is it, my son?” he replied. “Here is the fire and the wood,” Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?”⁠ 8 “God will provide for himself the lamb for the burnt offering, my son,” Abraham replied. The two of them continued on together. 9 When they came to the place God had told him about, Abraham built the altar there and arranged the wood on it. Next he tied up his son Isaac and placed him on the altar on top of the wood.⁠ 10 Then Abraham reached out his hand, took the knife,⁠ and prepared to slaughter his son.⁠ 11 But the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven, “Abraham! Abraham!” “Here I am!” he answered.⁠ 12 “Do not harm the boy!” the angel said. “Do not do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God⁠ because you did not withhold your son,⁠ your only son, from me.” 13 Abraham looked up and saw behind him a ram caught in the bushes by its horns.⁠ So he went over and got the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 And Abraham called the name of that place “The Lord provides.” It is said to this day, “In the mountain of the Lord provision will be made.”⁠ 15 The angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time from heaven 16 and said, “I solemnly swear by my own name, decrees the Lord, that because you have done this and have not withheld your son, your only son, 17 I will indeed bless you, and I will greatly multiply your descendants so that they will be as countless as the stars in the sky or the grains of sand on the seashore. Your descendants will take possession of the strongholds of their enemies. 18 Because you have obeyed me, all the nations of the earth will pronounce blessings on one another using the name of your descendants.” 19 Then Abraham returned to his servants, and they set out together for Beer Sheba where Abraham stayed.⁠

Nahor's Descendants

20 After these things Abraham was told, “Milcah also has borne children to your brother Nahor— 21 Uz the firstborn, his brother Buz, Kemuel (the father of Aram), 22 Kesed, Hazo, Pildash, Jidlaph, and Bethuel.” 23 (Now Bethuel became the father of Rebekah.) These were the eight sons Milcah bore to Abraham’s brother Nahor. 24 His concubine, whose name was Reumah, also bore him children—Tebah, Gaham, Tahash, and Maacah.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 22:13 and LXX Genesis 22:13

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

Genesis 22 says Abraham saw a ram caught in a thicket. The Greek Septuagint transliterates the Hebrew word as "sabek" rather than translating it, creating a link to the Aramaic word for forgiveness.

Passages

Genesis 22:13

Hebrew Bible
12 “Do not harm the boy!” the angel said. “Do not do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God because you did not withhold your son, your only son, from me.” 13 Abraham looked up and saw behind him a ram caught in the bushes by its horns. So he went over and got the ram and offered it up as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 And Abraham called the name of that place “The Lord provides.” It is said to this day, “In the mountain of the Lord provision will be made.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

LXX Genesis 22:13

Septuagint
12 And he said, Do not lay your hand upon the child, neither do anything to him, for now I know that you fear God, and for my sake you have not spared your beloved son. 13 And Abraham lifted up his eyes and saw, and look! a ram caught by his horns in a plant of Sabec; and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a whole burnt offering in the place of Isaac his son. 14 And Abraham called the name of that place, The Lord has seen; that they might say today, In the mount the Lord was seen.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Genesis

References

"... the LXX writer transcribes it as (sabek bush). It may have been a misreading or a deliberate choice. Hayward suggests that the LXX translator chooses to transcribe Sabek, because it resonates with the Aramaic term for forgiveness, a soteriological term that LXX's original readers may have recognised." ..."
Paba Nidhani De Andrado, “The Akedah Servant Complex: Tracing the Linkage of Genesis 22 and Isaiah 53 in Ancient Jewish and Early Christian Texts” (diss., Durham University, 2011), 56.
"... 13 (LXX), which refers to the "plant of sabek" (= Heb. "thicket"), in which the ram was caught by its horns. The interpretation of "sabek" as "forgiveness" (and thus a prefiguration of the cross) assumes a derivation of the word from the Aramaic/Syriac root SBQ ("loose" or "forgive"). For this interpretation of "sabek," see, for example, Melito, Fragmenta 12." ..."
Richard Bauckham, James R. Davila, and Alexander Panayotov, eds., Old Testament Pseudepigrapha: More Noncanonical Scriptures (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2013), 1:661.
"... the "bush" becomes a sabek tree, "tree of forgiveness"; the tree occurs in the earliest (Jewish) iconographical representations of the Akedah; and the reading of sabek for shbaq occurs elsewhere, as well." ..."
Menahem Kister, “Allegorical Interpretations of Biblical Narratives in Rabbinic Literature, Philo, and Origen: Some Case Studies,” in New Approaches to the Study of Biblical Interpretation in Judaism of the Second Temple Period and in Early Christianity: Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium of the Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature, Jointly Sponsored by the Hebrew University Center for the Study of Christianity, 9–11 January, 2007, ed. Gary A. Anderson, Ruth A. Clements, and David Satran (Leiden: Brill, 2013), 232.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 22:13 and LXX Genesis 22:13

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