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Genesis

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Abraham and Sarah in Gerar

Chapter 20

1 Abraham journeyed from there to the Negev region and settled between Kadesh and Shur. While he lived as a temporary resident in Gerar, 2 Abraham said about his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.”⁠ So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent for Sarah and took her.⁠ 3 But God appeared to Abimelech in a dream at night⁠ and said to him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife.” 4 Now Abimelech had not gone near her. He said, “Lord, would you really slaughter an innocent nation? 5 Did Abraham not say to me, ‘She is my sister’? And she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this with a clear conscience and with innocent hands!” 6 Then in the dream God replied to him, “Yes, I know that you have done this with a clear conscience. That is why I have kept you from sinning against me and why I did not allow you to touch her.⁠ 7 But now give back the man’s wife. Indeed he is a prophet and he will pray for you; thus you will live. But if you don’t give her back, know that you will surely die along with all who belong to you.” 8 Early in the morning Abimelech summoned all his servants. When he told them about all these things, they were terrified. 9 Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? You have done things to me that should not be done!” 10 Then Abimelech asked Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?” 11 Abraham replied, “Because I thought, ‘Surely no one fears God in this place. They will kill me because of my wife.’ 12 What’s more, she is indeed my sister, my father’s daughter, but not my mother’s daughter. She became my wife.⁠ 13 When God made me wander from my father’s house, I told her, ‘This is what you can do to show your loyalty to me: Every place we go, say about me, “He is my brother.”’” 14 So Abimelech gave sheep, cattle, and male and female servants to Abraham. He also gave his wife Sarah back to him. 15 Then Abimelech said, “Look, my land is before you; live wherever you please.” 16 To Sarah he said, “Look, I have given 1,000 pieces of silver to your ‘brother.’ This is compensation for you so that you will stand vindicated before all who are with you.” 17 Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, as well as his wife and female slaves so that they were able to have children.⁠ 18 For the Lord had caused infertility to strike every woman in the household of Abimelech because he took Sarah, Abraham’s wife.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 20:7 and Psalm 105:15

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis describes Abraham as a prophet whose status prevents a foreign ruler from seizing his wife, a moment that Psalm 105 reshapes into a broader claim that the patriarchs and matriarchs were prophets and anointed ones declared untouchable.

Passages

Genesis 20:7

Hebrew Bible
5 Did Abraham not say to me, ‘She is my sister’? And she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this with a clear conscience and with innocent hands!” 6 Then in the dream God replied to him, “Yes, I know that you have done this with a clear conscience. That is why I have kept you from sinning against me and why I did not allow you to touch her. 7 But now give back the man’s wife. Indeed he is a prophet and he will pray for you; thus you will live. But if you don’t give her back, know that you will surely die along with all who belong to you.” 8 Early in the morning Abimelech summoned all his servants. When he told them about all these things, they were terrified. 9 Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? You have done things to me that should not be done!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Psalm 105:15

Hebrew Bible
13 they wandered from nation to nation, and from one kingdom to another. 14 He let no one oppress them; he disciplined kings for their sake, 15 saying, “Don’t touch my chosen ones. Don’t harm my prophets.” 16 He called down a famine upon the earth; he cut off all the food supply. 17 He sent a man ahead of them—Joseph was sold as a servant.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... Just as Psalm 105 forms a transition to the actualization of the Sinai theophany, so Psalm 78 leads up to the actualization of Nathan's prophecy, as represented in Psalm 132 and - in a time of crisis - Psalm 89 ... Of the promises made to the patriarchs, only the promise of the land appears in the psalms (Psalm 105:11). While they did not yet possess the land, they did experience the working of God: for despite the fact that they were a small, defenseless group, they were not molested by any of the peoples among whom they passed on their restless journeyings. God had declared them 'untouchable' (compare 2 Samuel 1:14), the prophets (compare Genesis 20:7) and anointed ones (Psalm 105:15). This is an allusion to the accounts of the dangers suffered by the female forebears (Genesis 12:9-20; 20:1-18; 26:1-13). The nomads believed that their women were regarded as fair game by the settled peoples (compare also Genesis 34). For that reason, the famous nomadic group of Beni Hasan travels with its women placed protectively in the middle. In Psalm 105:12-15, the protection afforded the patriarchs in this danger is stylized in a degree equal to the untouchability of men of God ..."
Othmar Keel, The Symbolism of the Biblical World: Ancient Near Eastern Iconography and the Book of Psalms (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 1997), 225–226.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 20:7 and Psalm 105:15

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