Go to Related Reading
About this book

Genesis

About this book

Abraham and Sarah in Gerar

Chapter 20

1 Abraham journeyed from there to the Negev region and settled between Kadesh and Shur. While he lived as a temporary resident in Gerar, 2 Abraham said about his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.”⁠ So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent for Sarah and took her.⁠ 3 But God appeared to Abimelech in a dream at night⁠ and said to him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife.” 4 Now Abimelech had not gone near her. He said, “Lord, would you really slaughter an innocent nation? 5 Did Abraham not say to me, ‘She is my sister’? And she herself said, ‘He is my brother.’ I have done this with a clear conscience and with innocent hands!” 6 Then in the dream God replied to him, “Yes, I know that you have done this with a clear conscience. That is why I have kept you from sinning against me and why I did not allow you to touch her.⁠ 7 But now give back the man’s wife. Indeed he is a prophet and he will pray for you; thus you will live. But if you don’t give her back, know that you will surely die along with all who belong to you.” 8 Early in the morning Abimelech summoned all his servants. When he told them about all these things, they were terrified. 9 Abimelech summoned Abraham and said to him, “What have you done to us? What sin did I commit against you that would cause you to bring such great guilt on me and my kingdom? You have done things to me that should not be done!” 10 Then Abimelech asked Abraham, “What prompted you to do this thing?” 11 Abraham replied, “Because I thought, ‘Surely no one fears God in this place. They will kill me because of my wife.’ 12 What’s more, she is indeed my sister, my father’s daughter, but not my mother’s daughter. She became my wife.⁠ 13 When God made me wander from my father’s house, I told her, ‘This is what you can do to show your loyalty to me: Every place we go, say about me, “He is my brother.”’” 14 So Abimelech gave sheep, cattle, and male and female servants to Abraham. He also gave his wife Sarah back to him. 15 Then Abimelech said, “Look, my land is before you; live wherever you please.” 16 To Sarah he said, “Look, I have given 1,000 pieces of silver to your ‘brother.’ This is compensation for you so that you will stand vindicated before all who are with you.” 17 Abraham prayed to God, and God healed Abimelech, as well as his wife and female slaves so that they were able to have children.⁠ 18 For the Lord had caused infertility to strike every woman in the household of Abimelech because he took Sarah, Abraham’s wife.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:13 and Genesis 20:2

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

In Genesis 12, Abram asks Sarai to pose as his sister in Egypt to protect himself, a moment repeated in Genesis 20. These follow a common pattern where patriarchs conceal marriages out of fear, suggesting similar traditions were edited together.

Passages

Genesis 12:13

Hebrew Bible
11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive. 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.” 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Genesis 20:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Abraham journeyed from there to the Negev region and settled between Kadesh and Shur. While he lived as a temporary resident in Gerar, 2 Abraham said about his wife Sarah, “She is my sister.” So Abimelech, king of Gerar, sent for Sarah and took her. 3 But God appeared to Abimelech in a dream at night and said to him, “You are as good as dead because of the woman you have taken, for she is someone else’s wife.” 4 Now Abimelech had not gone near her. He said, “Lord, would you really slaughter an innocent nation?
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

"... Abram and Sarai did not behave like the beneficiaries and heralds of YHWH’s blessings (Genesis 12:2–3), neither is their life story comparable with the ill-treated Hebrew slaves that desperately cried for a change (Exodus 2:23). Interpreters of the Hellenistic and later periods were careful to circumnavigate and/or sugarcoat the essence of the story that portrays Abram and Sarai as a worried, but shrewd couple. The euphemizing of Abram’s experience in Egypt in the Genesis Apocryphon “presupposes a form of Genesis at least akin to our major versions (LXX, Masoretic, Samaritan), which was venerated enough to warrant an interpretative rewriting” (Machiela 2009, 131). Moreover, the linguistic features of Genesis 12 do not support a post-exilic dating of the passage (Hendel and Joosten 2018, 38–39; compare Polak 2016). Finally, the prophets of the (late) pre-exilic, exilic, and post-exilic periods strongly opposed any suggestion of seeking help in Egypt, let alone the idea that pharaoh would embody a sincere man of high moral standing. Another critical point regards the fact that Abram was married to his half-sister, which is at odds with the Torah ... (Compare Genesis 12:13; 20:12; and 26:7; with Leviticus 18:9 and Deuteronomy 27:22. There is one more incident where a man is married to his half-sister, Exodus 6:20; 2 Samuel 13:12 only mentions this as a possible option) ..."
Martin Heide and Joris Peters, Camels in the Biblical World, HACL 10 (University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns, 2021), 205.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Genesis 12:13 and Genesis 20:2

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library