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Genesis

About this book

The Promise of Descendants and Land

Chapter 15

1 After these things the Lord’s message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram!⁠ I am your shield⁠ and the one who will reward you in great abundance.”⁠ 2 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?”⁠ 3 Abram added, “Since you have not given me a descendant, then look, one born in my house will be my heir!” 4 But look, the Lord’s message came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but instead a son who comes from your own body will be your heir.” 5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!”⁠ Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.”⁠ 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.⁠ 7 The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans⁠ to give you this land to possess.”⁠ 8 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, by what can I know that I am to possess it?” 9 The Lord said to him, “Take for me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon.”⁠ 10 So Abram took all these for him and then cut them in two and placed each half opposite the other, but he did not cut the birds in half.⁠ 11 When birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.⁠ 12 When the sun went down, Abram fell sound asleep, and great terror overwhelmed him. 13 Then the Lord said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a foreign country.⁠ They will be enslaved and oppressed⁠ for 400 years.⁠ 14 But I will execute judgment on the nation that they will serve. Afterward they will come out with many possessions. 15 But as for you, you will go to your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its limit.”⁠ 17 When the sun had gone down and it was dark, a smoking firepot with a flaming torch passed between the animal parts.⁠ 18 That day the Lord made a covenant with Abram: “To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River—⁠ 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites,⁠ 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 15:5 and Nehemiah 9:23

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Nehemiah looks back on Israel’s history and describes the promise of many descendants to Abraham as already fulfilled, interpreting Genesis 15:5 as a past reality and connecting it to early Israelite theology of the stars and patron gods.

Passages

Genesis 15:5

Hebrew Bible
4 But look, the Lord’s message came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but instead a son who comes from your own body will be your heir.” 5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!” Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.” 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him. 7 The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans to give you this land to possess.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Nehemiah 9:23

Hebrew Bible
22 “You gave them kingdoms and peoples, and you allocated them to every corner of the land. They inherited the land of King Sihon of Heshbon and the land of King Og of Bashan. 23 You multiplied their descendants like the stars of the sky. You brought them to the land you had told their ancestors to enter in order to possess. 24 Their descendants entered and possessed the land. You subdued before them the Canaanites who were the inhabitants of the land. You delivered them into their hand, together with their kings and the peoples of the land, to deal with as they pleased.
400–301 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Nehemiah

References

"... There is a rich literature about Mesopotamian astronomy, and an even richer one about Greek astronomy. No previous scholarly discussion has addressed the astronomy of Genesis 1. Biblical literature about stars is familiar enough. The stars fight from their courses against Sisera. The stars are YHWH’s hosts. The host advise YHWH in counsel. The stars are the gods, and most of them descend to the underworld, as they descend below the horizon, some to rise on the opposite side. Hence the comparison of Israel to the stars – the reference ties Israel to its ancestors, by suggesting that each Israelite, on earth as in the underworld, is represented by a deity (Compare Genesis 22:7, Exodus 32:13, Deuteronomy 1:10, Nehemiah 9:23) ..."
Baruch Halpern, From Gods to God: The Dynamics of Iron Age Cosmologies, ed. Matthew J. Adams (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2009), 428.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 15:5 and Nehemiah 9:23

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