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Genesis

About this book

The Promise of Descendants and Land

Chapter 15

1 After these things the Lord’s message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram!⁠ I am your shield⁠ and the one who will reward you in great abundance.”⁠ 2 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?”⁠ 3 Abram added, “Since you have not given me a descendant, then look, one born in my house will be my heir!” 4 But look, the Lord’s message came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but instead a son who comes from your own body will be your heir.” 5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!”⁠ Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.”⁠ 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.⁠ 7 The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans⁠ to give you this land to possess.”⁠ 8 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, by what can I know that I am to possess it?” 9 The Lord said to him, “Take for me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon.”⁠ 10 So Abram took all these for him and then cut them in two and placed each half opposite the other, but he did not cut the birds in half.⁠ 11 When birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.⁠ 12 When the sun went down, Abram fell sound asleep, and great terror overwhelmed him. 13 Then the Lord said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a foreign country.⁠ They will be enslaved and oppressed⁠ for 400 years.⁠ 14 But I will execute judgment on the nation that they will serve. Afterward they will come out with many possessions. 15 But as for you, you will go to your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its limit.”⁠ 17 When the sun had gone down and it was dark, a smoking firepot with a flaming torch passed between the animal parts.⁠ 18 That day the Lord made a covenant with Abram: “To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River—⁠ 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites,⁠ 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”

Texts in conversation

Compare KTU 1.14 I:35 and Genesis 15:2

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Hebrew Bible

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Summary

The Legend of Kirta and Genesis 15 both describe a childless hero who appeals to the deity for offspring. In Kirta, El appears in a dream and responds; in Genesis, God appears in a vision and promises Abram descendants like the stars.

Passages

KTU 1.14 I:35

Ancient Near East, Ugaritic · Cuneiform Texts from Ugarit
He enters his cubicle, he weeps, an inner chamber and cries. His tears drop like shekels to the ground. His bed was soaked by his weeping, and he slept a slumber in his crying. Sleep prevails (over him?) and he lies, slumber and he reclines. And in his dream El descends, in his vision the Father of Man (Adam). And he approaches asking Kirta: "What ails you, Kirta, that he weeps, that he cries, Naaman the Lad of El? Is it the kingship of Bull his father that he desires, or authority like the Father of Man (Adam)?" [ ? ]
1350–1185 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in KTU

Genesis 15:2

Hebrew Bible
1 After these things the Lord’s message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram! I am your shield and the one who will reward you in great abundance.” 2 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?” 3 Abram added, “Since you have not given me a descendant, then look, one born in my house will be my heir!” 4 But look, the Lord’s message came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but instead a son who comes from your own body will be your heir.” 5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!” Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.” 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

"... This theme, so important for each of the ancestral cycles, also proves to be the primary theme of both epic poems found at Ugarit, the Aqhat and Kirta Epics. In the Aqhat Epic, Daniel, a righteous judge (probably king), earnestly seeks help from the gods to obtain an heir. His patron deity, Baal, comes before the council of the gods, with El presiding, and urges El to grant Daniel and his wife a son. El agrees to bless the couple, and they do have a son, Aqhat. In the Kirta Epic, the hero's family has been wiped out at the beginning of the story. The devastated Kirta falls asleep, weeping, on his bed. In his sleep, El appears to him and gives him instructions on how to win the hand of the beautiful Hurraya, daughter of the king of Udm, in marriage. El and the other gods attend the wedding, and El pronounces a blessing upon the couple: Hurraya will bear Kirta seven/eight sons. It is clear in both stories that granting an heir to the hero is strictly the prerogative of El. Baal, although intimately involved in the fertility of the earth, cannot provide children to humans ..."
Wayne T. Pitard, “Voices from the Dust: The Tablets from Ugarit and the Bible,” in Mesopotamia and the Bible: Comparative Explorations, ed. Mark W. Chavalas and K. Lawson Younger Jr., JSOTSup 341 (Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2002), 259.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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KTU 1.14 I:35 and Genesis 15:2

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