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Genesis

About this book

The Promise of Descendants and Land

Chapter 15

1 After these things the Lord’s message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram!⁠ I am your shield⁠ and the one who will reward you in great abundance.”⁠ 2 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?”⁠ 3 Abram added, “Since you have not given me a descendant, then look, one born in my house will be my heir!” 4 But look, the Lord’s message came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but instead a son who comes from your own body will be your heir.” 5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!”⁠ Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.”⁠ 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.⁠ 7 The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans⁠ to give you this land to possess.”⁠ 8 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, by what can I know that I am to possess it?” 9 The Lord said to him, “Take for me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon.”⁠ 10 So Abram took all these for him and then cut them in two and placed each half opposite the other, but he did not cut the birds in half.⁠ 11 When birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.⁠ 12 When the sun went down, Abram fell sound asleep, and great terror overwhelmed him. 13 Then the Lord said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a foreign country.⁠ They will be enslaved and oppressed⁠ for 400 years.⁠ 14 But I will execute judgment on the nation that they will serve. Afterward they will come out with many possessions. 15 But as for you, you will go to your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its limit.”⁠ 17 When the sun had gone down and it was dark, a smoking firepot with a flaming torch passed between the animal parts.⁠ 18 That day the Lord made a covenant with Abram: “To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River—⁠ 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites,⁠ 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 15:19 and Jubilees 14:18 and Genesis Rabbah 44:23

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Rabbinic

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Summary

Jubilees changes the list of nations from Genesis 15 by removing the Hittites and adding the Pharokites and Hivites. Rabbinic tradition in Genesis Rabbah comments on their absence, also aware of these differences in their traditions.

Passages

Genesis 15:19

Hebrew Bible
17 When the sun had gone down and it was dark, a smoking firepot with a flaming torch passed between the animal parts. 18 That day the Lord made a covenant with Abram: “To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River— 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 14:18

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
17 And he awoke from his sleep, and he got up, and the sun had set; and there was a flame, and then a furnace was smoking, and a flame of fire passed between the pieces. 18 And on that day the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying: 'To your descendants I will give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates, the Kenites, the Kenizzites, the Kadmonites, the Perizzites, and the Rephaim, the Phakorites, and the Hivites, and the Amorites, and the Canaanites, and the Girgashites, and the Jebusites. 19 And the day passed, and Abram offered the pieces, and the birds, and their fruit offerings, and their drink offerings, and the fire devoured them.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

Genesis Rabbah 44:23

Rabbinic · Aggadah
“The Kenites, the Kenizites, and the Kadmonites” (Genesis 15:19). “The Ḥitites, the Perizites, and the Refa’im” (Genesis 15:20). “The Emorites, the Canaanites, the Girgashites, and the Yevusites” (Genesis 15:21). Rabbi Dostai said in the name of Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥman: Because it does not mention the Ḥivites here, that is why it cites the Refa’im in their place. Rabbi Ḥelbo in the name of Rabbi Abba in the name of Rabbi Yoḥanan: It entered the mind of the Holy One blessed be He to bequeath to Israel the land of ten peoples, [including] “the Kenites, the Kenizites, and the Kadmonites,” but He gave them only seven. “The Ḥitites, the Perizites, and the Refa’im,
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

"... The last difference can be found in the list of nations (Genesis 15:19–21; Jubilees 14:18). The mention of Hittites in the list of nations (Genesis 15:20) is not taken over by Jubilees, whereas the Pharokites and the Hivites are added to the list. One can possibly see the Hivites as a variation of the Hittites. However, the Hivites do occur in the Septuagint and the Samaritan pentateuch of Genesis 15:19–21. (See Genesis Rabbah 44:23, where it is explained by the Hevites are not in the list of Genesis 15) It is possible, therefore, that the Hivites were mentioned in the text of Genesis that the author of Jubilees had in front of him. It is not completely clear why he omitted the Hittites, since both groups (the Hittites and the Hivites) appear together in comparable lists of nations (compare Exodus 3:8; Deuteronomy 7:3; Joshua 3:10; Judges 3:5; 1 Kings 9:20; 2 Chronicles 8:7) ..."
Jacques T. A. G. M. van Ruiten, Abraham in the Book of Jubilees: The Rewriting of Genesis 11:26–25:10 in the Book of Jubilees 11:14–23:8, JSJSup 161 (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 130.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 15:19 and Jubilees 14:18 and Genesis Rabbah 44:23

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