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Genesis

About this book

The Promise of Descendants and Land

Chapter 15

1 After these things the Lord’s message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram!⁠ I am your shield⁠ and the one who will reward you in great abundance.”⁠ 2 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?”⁠ 3 Abram added, “Since you have not given me a descendant, then look, one born in my house will be my heir!” 4 But look, the Lord’s message came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but instead a son who comes from your own body will be your heir.” 5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!”⁠ Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.”⁠ 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.⁠ 7 The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans⁠ to give you this land to possess.”⁠ 8 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, by what can I know that I am to possess it?” 9 The Lord said to him, “Take for me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon.”⁠ 10 So Abram took all these for him and then cut them in two and placed each half opposite the other, but he did not cut the birds in half.⁠ 11 When birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.⁠ 12 When the sun went down, Abram fell sound asleep, and great terror overwhelmed him. 13 Then the Lord said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a foreign country.⁠ They will be enslaved and oppressed⁠ for 400 years.⁠ 14 But I will execute judgment on the nation that they will serve. Afterward they will come out with many possessions. 15 But as for you, you will go to your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its limit.”⁠ 17 When the sun had gone down and it was dark, a smoking firepot with a flaming torch passed between the animal parts.⁠ 18 That day the Lord made a covenant with Abram: “To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River—⁠ 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites,⁠ 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 15:13 and Ladder of Jacob 6:1

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Genesis, God warns Abraham that his descendants will be enslaved in a foreign land and that God will judge the nation they serve. The Ladder of Jacob echoes this language for Jacob's descendants and interprets it as a reference to Rome.

Passages

Genesis 15:13

Hebrew Bible
12 When the sun went down, Abram fell sound asleep, and great terror overwhelmed him. 13 Then the Lord said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a foreign country. They will be enslaved and oppressed for 400 years. 14 But I will execute judgment on the nation that they will serve. Afterward they will come out with many possessions. 15 But as for you, you will go to your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its limit.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Ladder of Jacob 6:1

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
1 And know, Jacob, that your seed shall be strangers in a strange land, and men will mistreat them with slavery and beat them daily; but the Lord will judge the people whom they serve. 2 When a king arises and fights, then there will be to that place (another reading: when the Most High gives his judgment to that place, he will lead out) then your seed, Israel, will go out of slavery to the Gentiles who ruled over them with violence, and will be set free from all the scorn of their enemies. 3 For this king is the head of every revenge and retribution of those who attack you, Israel, at the end of the age.
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Ladder of Jacob

References

“... The pericope ends with a quotation from Gen 15:13, referring to their slavery in Egypt, followed by a note of hope, “the Lord will judge the people for whom they slave” (Lad. Jac. 5:17). This seems to be a reference to Rome, and while this is quite obscure, the destruction and desolation of the temple seems clear. If it is a valid reading, and if it does refer to Rome’s descent, then the text attributes the fall of the temple to the sin and idolatry of Jacob’s descendants. It is their punishment by God through the agency of Rome. This will lead some to even greater idolatry. The text also limits the duration of the temple’s desertion until the fall of the Roman Empire. ...”
Philip Church, Hebrews and the Temple: Attitudes to the Temple in Second Temple Judaism and in Hebrews, NovTSup 171 (Leiden: Brill, 2017), 253.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 15:13 and Ladder of Jacob 6:1

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