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Genesis

About this book

The Promise of Descendants and Land

Chapter 15

1 After these things the Lord’s message came to Abram in a vision: “Fear not, Abram!⁠ I am your shield⁠ and the one who will reward you in great abundance.”⁠ 2 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, what will you give me since I continue to be childless, and my heir is Eliezer of Damascus?”⁠ 3 Abram added, “Since you have not given me a descendant, then look, one born in my house will be my heir!” 4 But look, the Lord’s message came to him: “This man will not be your heir, but instead a son who comes from your own body will be your heir.” 5 The Lord took him outside and said, “Gaze into the sky and count the stars—if you are able to count them!”⁠ Then he said to him, “So will your descendants be.”⁠ 6 Abram believed the Lord, and the Lord credited it as righteousness to him.⁠ 7 The Lord said to him, “I am the Lord who brought you out from Ur of the Chaldeans⁠ to give you this land to possess.”⁠ 8 But Abram said, “O Sovereign Lord, by what can I know that I am to possess it?” 9 The Lord said to him, “Take for me a heifer, a goat, and a ram, each three years old, along with a dove and a young pigeon.”⁠ 10 So Abram took all these for him and then cut them in two and placed each half opposite the other, but he did not cut the birds in half.⁠ 11 When birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away.⁠ 12 When the sun went down, Abram fell sound asleep, and great terror overwhelmed him. 13 Then the Lord said to Abram, “Know for certain that your descendants will be strangers in a foreign country.⁠ They will be enslaved and oppressed⁠ for 400 years.⁠ 14 But I will execute judgment on the nation that they will serve. Afterward they will come out with many possessions. 15 But as for you, you will go to your ancestors in peace and be buried at a good old age. 16 In the fourth generation your descendants will return here, for the sin of the Amorites has not yet reached its limit.”⁠ 17 When the sun had gone down and it was dark, a smoking firepot with a flaming torch passed between the animal parts.⁠ 18 That day the Lord made a covenant with Abram: “To your descendants I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the Euphrates River—⁠ 19 the land of the Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites,⁠ 20 Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaites, 21 Amorites, Canaanites, Girgashites, and Jebusites.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 15:11 and Jubilees 11:19

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Genesis describes one brief moment where Abram drives birds of prey off his covenant offering. Jubilees expands that gesture into an entire childhood story, with young Abram chasing ravens from the seed of Chaldea long before the covenant scene.

Passages

Genesis 15:11

Hebrew Bible
10 So Abram took all these for him and then cut them in two and placed each half opposite the other, but he did not cut the birds in half. 11 When birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away. 12 When the sun went down, Abram fell sound asleep, and great terror overwhelmed him.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 11:19

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
18 And the seed time came for the sowing of seed upon the land, and they all went out together to protect their seed against the ravens, and Abram went out with those that went, and the child was fourteen years old. 19 And a cloud of ravens came to devour the seed, and Abram ran to meet them before they settled on the ground, and cried to them before they settled on the ground to devour the seed, and said, 'Do not descend: return to the place from where you came,' and they proceeded to turn back. 20 And he caused the clouds of ravens to turn back that day seventy times, and of all the ravens throughout all the land where Abram was not so much as one settled there.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

... and 'when birds of prey came down on the carcasses, Abram drove them away' (Genesis 15:11). In Jubilees' rendering of Genesis 15:11 (14:12), the birds repeatedly attack the carcasses and Abram repeatedly drives them away, as he does here in Jubilees 11:19-20. His approach in Jubilees is to shout at the flock of ravens that descended to devour the potential crop. His shouting or screaming at the birds may also be influenced by Genesis 15:11 because the term rendered 'birds of prey' is related to a verb meaning 'scream, shriek, shout at' ...
James C. VanderKam, Jubilees: A Commentary (Minneapolis: Fortress, 2018), 434–436.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 15:11 and Jubilees 11:19

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