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Genesis

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Abram and Lot Separate

Chapter 13

1 So Abram went up from Egypt into the Negev. He took his wife and all his possessions with him, as well as Lot. 2 (Now Abram was very wealthy in livestock, silver, and gold.)⁠ 3 And he journeyed from place to place from the Negev as far as Bethel. He returned to the place where he had pitched his tent at the beginning, between Bethel and Ai. 4 This was the place where he had first built the altar, and there Abram worshiped the Lord. 5 Now Lot, who was traveling with Abram, also had flocks, herds, and tents. 6 But the land could not support them while they were living side by side. Because their possessions were so great, they were not able to live alongside one another. 7 So there were quarrels between Abram’s herdsmen and Lot’s herdsmen. (Now the Canaanites and the Perizzites were living in the land at that time.) 8 Abram said to Lot, “Let there be no quarreling between me and you, and between my herdsmen and your herdsmen, for we are close relatives. 9 Is not the whole land before you? Separate yourself now from me. If you go to the left, then I’ll go to the right, but if you go to the right, then I’ll go to the left.” 10 Lot looked up and saw the whole region of the Jordan. He noticed that all of it was well watered (this was before the Lord obliterated Sodom and Gomorrah)⁠ like the garden of the Lord, like the land of Egypt, all the way to Zoar.⁠ 11 Lot chose for himself the whole region of the Jordan and traveled toward the east. So the relatives separated from each other. 12 Abram settled in the land of Canaan, but Lot settled among the cities of the Jordan plain and pitched his tents⁠ next to Sodom. 13 (Now the people of Sodom were extremely wicked rebels against the Lord.) 14 After Lot had departed, the Lord said to Abram, “Look from the place where you stand to the north, south, east, and west. 15 I will give all the land that you see to you and your descendants forever.⁠ 16 And I will make your descendants like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone is able to count the dust of the earth, then your descendants also can be counted.⁠ 17 Get up and walk throughout the land, for I will give it to you.” 18 So Abram moved his tents and went to live by the oaks of Mamre in Hebron, and he built an altar to the Lord there.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 13:16 and Numbers 23:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis promises Abraham that his descendants will be as countless as the dust of the earth. Numbers echoes this imagery when Balaam declares Israel is already beyond counting, depicting that promise as a present reality.

Passages

Genesis 13:16

Hebrew Bible
14 After Lot had departed, the Lord said to Abram, “Look from the place where you stand to the north, south, east, and west. 15 I will give all the land that you see to you and your descendants forever. 16 And I will make your descendants like the dust of the earth, so that if anyone is able to count the dust of the earth, then your descendants also can be counted. 17 Get up and walk throughout the land, for I will give it to you.” 18 So Abram moved his tents and went to live by the oaks of Mamre in Hebron, and he built an altar to the Lord there.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Numbers 23:10

Hebrew Bible
8 How can I curse one whom God has not cursed, or how can I denounce one whom the Lord has not denounced? 9 For from the top of the rocks I see them; from the hills I watch them. Indeed, a nation that lives alone, and it will not be reckoned among the nations. 10 Who can count the dust of Jacob, or number the fourth part of Israel? Let me die the death of the upright, and let the end of my life be like theirs.” 11 Then Balak said to Balaam, “What have you done to me? I brought you to curse my enemies, but on the contrary you have only blessed them!” 12 Balaam replied, “Must I not be careful to speak what the Lord has put in my mouth?”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... the promises that the land will belong to Abram‘s descendants for ever and that these descendants will be numberless as the dust of the earth look even further into the future. That the land will be Israel‘s everlasting possession is reaffirmed in 17:8; 48:4, and is the presupposition informing the jubilee year legislation and the inheritance laws (Leviticus 25:25–34; Numbers 36:5–9). The God-givenness of the land is a central theme of Deuteronomy (e.g., 3:18–21; 30:3–5) and the basis of the prophetic hope that Israel will return there after exile (e.g., Jeremiah 31:2–21). The uncountability of Abram‘s descendants is a perennial theme of Genesis: 15:5; 16:10; 28:14; 32:12. Balaam, the prophet hired by the king of Moab to curse Israel, said Israel was already beyond counting in his day (Numbers 23:10). Solomon said the same thing some centuries later (1 Kings 3:8), though of course both eras were famed for their censuses ..."
Gordon J. Wenham, Word Biblical Commentary: Genesis 1-15 (Word, 1987), 360–361.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 13:16 and Numbers 23:10

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