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Genesis

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The Call and Promise to Abram

Chapter 12

1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household⁠ to the land that I will show you.⁠ 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great,⁠ so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse,⁠ so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.”⁠ 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)⁠ 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated⁠ and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan. 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the oak tree of Moreh at Shechem.⁠ (At that time the Canaanites were in the land.) 7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” So Abram built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.⁠ 8 Then he moved from there to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and worshiped the Lord. 9 Abram continually journeyed by stages down to the Negev.

Abram and Sarai in Egypt

10 There was a famine in the land, so Abram went down to Egypt to stay for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive.⁠ 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me⁠ because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.”⁠ 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,⁠ 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45⁠ because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to be my wife? Now, here is your wife. Take her and go!” 20 Pharaoh gave his men orders about Abram, and so they expelled him,⁠ along with his wife and all his possessions.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:3 and Zechariah 8:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Zechariah describes Israel as no longer a curse among the nations but becoming a source of blessing. This echoes Genesis 12, where Abram is promised that those who bless him will be blessed and those who oppose him will be cursed.

Passages

Genesis 12:3

Hebrew Bible
1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household to the land that I will show you. 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great, so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse, so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.” 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Zechariah 8:13

Hebrew Bible
11 But I will be different now to this remnant of my people from the way I was in those days,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, 12 ‘for there will be a peaceful time of sowing, the vine will produce its fruit, and the ground its yield, and the skies will rain down dew. Then I will allow the remnant of my people to possess all these things. 13 And it will come about that just as you, both Judah and Israel, were a curse to the nations, so I will save you and you will be a blessing. Do not be afraid! Instead, be strong.’ 14 “For the Lord of Heaven’s Armies says, ‘As I had planned to hurt you when your fathers made me angry,’ says the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, ‘and I was not sorry, 15 so, to the contrary, I have planned in these days to do good to Jerusalem and Judah—do not fear!
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Archaeological evidence shows that the political status of tenth-century Israel was much more modest than was hitherto assumed, so that the promise of a “great nation” and a “great name” are not nearly as appropriate as had been thought. In addition, Genesis 12:1–3 does not explicitly envision an Israelite state; this fact sets it apart from promises with political substance (Genesis 25:23; 27:28–29, 39–40), which really do date from the early monarchy (tenth or ninth century). Furthermore, as Schmid and Van Seters in particular have pointed out, elements of the promise derive from royal theology, for example, the “great name” (compare 2 Samuel 7:9; 1 Kings 1:47) and the “mediation of blessings” (compare Psalm 21:4; 72:6–7, 16, 17). Such a borrowing is hardly conceivable in a period when the monarchy was just becoming established; more likely it dates from a time when the monarchy had ceased to exist (compare Isaiah 55:5 and in part Psalm 89). Finally, Israel as mediator of God’s blessings in Genesis 12:3b is most reminiscent of the universalism of DeuteroIsaiah; similar formulas date from the late preexilic period (Jeremiah 4:2) or the postexilic period (Zechariah 8:13), where they contrast with the lowly status of Israel among the nations after its political demise (compare Psalm 44:14–15; 79:4; Lamentations 2:15; Deuteronomy 28:37; Jeremiah 24:9; etc.) ..."
Rainer Albertz, Israel in Exile: The History and Literature of the Sixth Century B.C.E., trans. David Green, StBibLit 3 (Atlanta: SBL, 2003), 249.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 12:3 and Zechariah 8:13

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