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Genesis

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The Call and Promise to Abram

Chapter 12

1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household⁠ to the land that I will show you.⁠ 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great,⁠ so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse,⁠ so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.”⁠ 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)⁠ 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated⁠ and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan. 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the oak tree of Moreh at Shechem.⁠ (At that time the Canaanites were in the land.) 7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” So Abram built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.⁠ 8 Then he moved from there to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and worshiped the Lord. 9 Abram continually journeyed by stages down to the Negev.

Abram and Sarai in Egypt

10 There was a famine in the land, so Abram went down to Egypt to stay for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive.⁠ 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me⁠ because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.”⁠ 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,⁠ 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45⁠ because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to be my wife? Now, here is your wife. Take her and go!” 20 Pharaoh gave his men orders about Abram, and so they expelled him,⁠ along with his wife and all his possessions.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:3 and Romans 11:15 and Yevamot 63a

Hebrew Bible · New Testament · Rabbinic

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Summary

Genesis 12 promises universal blessing through Abraham. In Romans, Paul describes Gentile inclusion as being grafting into a tree, similar to Rabbinic tradition in tractate Yevamot which uses the same image to describe outsiders joining Abraham's family.

Passages

Genesis 12:3

Hebrew Bible
2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great, so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse, so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.” 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Romans 11:15

New Testament
15 For if their rejection is the reconciliation of the world, what will their acceptance be but life from the dead? 16 If the first portion of the dough offered is holy, then the whole batch is holy, and if the root is holy, so too are the branches. 17 Now if some of the branches were broken off, and you, a wild olive shoot, were grafted in among them and participated in the richness of the olive root, 18 do not boast over the branches. But if you boast, remember that you do not support the root, but the root supports you.
55–58 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Romans

Yevamot 63a

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
And Rabbi Elazar said: What is the meaning of that which is written: “And in you shall all the families of the earth be blessed [nivrekhu]” (Genesis 12:3)? The Holy One, Blessed be He, said to Abraham: I have two good shoots to graft [lehavrikh] onto you: Ruth the Moabite, the ancestress of the house of David, and Naamah the Ammonite, whose marriage with Solomon led to the ensuing dynasty of the kings of Judea. “All the families of the earth” means: Even families that live in the earth, i.e., who have land of their own, are blessed only due to the Jewish people. Similarly, when the verse states: “All the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him” (Genesis 18:18), it indicates that even ships that come from Galia to Hispania are blessed only due to the Jewish people.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Yevamot

References

"... In the eyes of the sages, Abraham was to be a blessing to all nations by converting them to faith in God. In support of this view, the traditional sources raise yet another nuance of meaning in the oracle God gave to Abraham. Genesis 12:3 says, "And all peoples on earth will be blessed through you." The Hebrew verb translated as "will be blessed" is related to a Mishnaic Hebrew term Onavrich that means "to intermingle, to graft." Thus, one might translate the verse as "All peoples on earth will be grafted into you." The context of the passage makes this alternative reading impossible. Clearly, the Torah intends us to read, "All peoples on earth will be blessed through you." The passage has nothing to do with the grafting of plants. It is a passage about blessing and being blessed. A responsible translator would never translate the verse to read, "All peoples on earth will be grafted into you." However, the sages are seldom accused of being responsible translators ... Rabbi Elazar uses the passage to explain how two Gentile women came to be regarded as part of Israel and even mothers of the Davidic kings. Ruth was a Moabite. Naamah was an Ammonite. The Torah says, "No Ammonite or Moabite or any of his descendants may enter the assembly of the LORD, even down to the tenth generation. How then could Ruth and Naamah be mothers of the Kings of Israel? The answer is that they were no longer to be considered Moabite and Ammonite. They had been grafted into Abraham ..."
D. Thomas Lancaster, Grafted In: Israel, Gentiles, and the Mystery of the Gospel (Marshfield, MO: First Fruits of Zion, 2003), 28–29.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 12:3 and Romans 11:15 and Yevamot 63a

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