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Genesis

About this book

The Call and Promise to Abram

Chapter 12

1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household⁠ to the land that I will show you.⁠ 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great,⁠ so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse,⁠ so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.”⁠ 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)⁠ 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated⁠ and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan. 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the oak tree of Moreh at Shechem.⁠ (At that time the Canaanites were in the land.) 7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” So Abram built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.⁠ 8 Then he moved from there to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and worshiped the Lord. 9 Abram continually journeyed by stages down to the Negev.

Abram and Sarai in Egypt

10 There was a famine in the land, so Abram went down to Egypt to stay for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive.⁠ 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me⁠ because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.”⁠ 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,⁠ 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45⁠ because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to be my wife? Now, here is your wife. Take her and go!” 20 Pharaoh gave his men orders about Abram, and so they expelled him,⁠ along with his wife and all his possessions.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:13 and Jubilees 13:11

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Jubilees retells the story of Abraham and Sarah’s journey to Egypt but adds a five-year gap before Sarah is taken to Pharaoh’s house. Genesis presents these events as immediate, but Jubilees changes it so the events are less sudden and shocking.

Passages

Genesis 12:13

Hebrew Bible
11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive. 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.” 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh, 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 13:11

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
10 And he moved from there and went toward the south, and he came to Hebron and Hebron was built at that time, and he lived there two years, and he went (from there) into the land of the south, to Bealoth, and there was a famine in the land. 11 And Abram went into Egypt in the third year of the week, and he lived in Egypt five years before his wife was torn away from him. 12 Now Tanais in Egypt was at that time built — seven years after Hebron. 13 And when Pharaoh seized Sarai, the wife of Abram, the Lord plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because of Sarai, Abram's wife.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

"... This journey to Egypt certainly troubled interpreters. For one thing, as the couple was preparing to cross the Egyptian border, Abraham instructed the beautiful Sarah to tell the Egyptians that she was his sister rather than his wife, lest they kill him in order to take her for themselves. "Say you are my sister," he says, "so that it may go well with me because of you, and so that my life may be spared on your account" (Genesis 12:13). These hardly sounded like heroic words! To make matters worse, the Bible records that Sarah acted on Abraham's advice and that, as a result, she was taken by Pharaoh to his palace for an unspecified period of time ... Interpreters were understandably disturbed by Abraham's apparent cowardice and subsequent silence ... Many ancient writers, in retelling the story, thus felt entitled to add in what the story had somehow left out, an account of Abraham's deep distress at these events ..."
James L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 143.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 12:13 and Jubilees 13:11

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