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Genesis

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The Call and Promise to Abram

Chapter 12

1 Now the Lord said to Abram, “Go out from your country, your relatives, and your father’s household⁠ to the land that I will show you.⁠ 2 Then I will make you into a great nation, and I will bless you, and I will make your name great,⁠ so that you will exemplify divine blessing. 3 I will bless those who bless you, but the one who treats you lightly I must curse,⁠ so that all the families of the earth may receive blessing through you.”⁠ 4 So Abram left, just as the Lord had told him to do, and Lot went with him. (Now Abram was 75 years old when he departed from Haran.)⁠ 5 And Abram took his wife Sarai, his nephew Lot, and all the possessions they had accumulated⁠ and the people they had acquired in Haran, and they left for the land of Canaan. They entered the land of Canaan. 6 Abram traveled through the land as far as the oak tree of Moreh at Shechem.⁠ (At that time the Canaanites were in the land.) 7 The Lord appeared to Abram and said, “To your descendants I will give this land.” So Abram built an altar there to the Lord, who had appeared to him.⁠ 8 Then he moved from there to the hill country east of Bethel and pitched his tent, with Bethel on the west and Ai on the east. There he built an altar to the Lord and worshiped the Lord. 9 Abram continually journeyed by stages down to the Negev.

Abram and Sarai in Egypt

10 There was a famine in the land, so Abram went down to Egypt to stay for a while because the famine was severe. 11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive.⁠ 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me⁠ because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.”⁠ 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,⁠ 16 and he did treat Abram well on account of her. Abram received sheep and cattle, male donkeys, male servants, female servants, female donkeys, and camels. 17 But the Lord struck Pharaoh and his household with severe plagues45⁠ because of Sarai, Abram’s wife. 18 So Pharaoh summoned Abram and said, “What is this you have done to me? Why didn’t you tell me that she was your wife? 19 Why did you say, ‘She is my sister,’ so that I took her to be my wife? Now, here is your wife. Take her and go!” 20 Pharaoh gave his men orders about Abram, and so they expelled him,⁠ along with his wife and all his possessions.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 12:13 and Genesis 26:7

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Genesis 12 describes Abram asking Sarai to pretend to be his sister, a story repeated in Genesis 26 when Isaac claims Rebekah is his sister. The stories highlight a repeating pattern with the patriarchs, likely based on traditions being edited together.

Passages

Genesis 12:13

Hebrew Bible
11 As he approached Egypt, he said to his wife Sarai, “Look, I know that you are a beautiful woman. 12 When the Egyptians see you they will say, ‘This is his wife.’ Then they will kill me but will keep you alive. 13 So tell them you are my sister so that it may go well for me because of you and my life will be spared on account of you.” 14 When Abram entered Egypt, the Egyptians saw that the woman was very beautiful. 15 When Pharaoh’s officials saw her, they praised her to Pharaoh. So Abram’s wife was taken into the household of Pharaoh,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Genesis 26:7

Hebrew Bible
5 All this will come to pass because Abraham obeyed me and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.” 6 So Isaac settled in Gerar. 7 When the men of that place asked him about his wife, he replied, “She is my sister.” He was afraid to say, “She is my wife,” for he thought to himself, “The men of this place will kill me to get Rebekah because she is very beautiful.” 8 After Isaac had been there a long time, Abimelech king of the Philistines happened to look out a window and observed Isaac caressing his wife Rebekah. 9 So Abimelech summoned Isaac and said, “She is really your wife! Why did you say, ‘She is my sister’?” Isaac replied, “Because I thought someone might kill me to get her.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

References

"... Abram and Sarai did not behave like the beneficiaries and heralds of YHWH’s blessings (Genesis 12:2–3), neither is their life story comparable with the ill-treated Hebrew slaves that desperately cried for a change (Exodus 2:23). Interpreters of the Hellenistic and later periods were careful to circumnavigate and/or sugarcoat the essence of the story that portrays Abram and Sarai as a worried, but shrewd couple. The euphemizing of Abram’s experience in Egypt in the Genesis Apocryphon “presupposes a form of Genesis at least akin to our major versions (LXX, Masoretic, Samaritan), which was venerated enough to warrant an interpretative rewriting” (Machiela 2009, 131). Moreover, the linguistic features of Genesis 12 do not support a post-exilic dating of the passage (Hendel and Joosten 2018, 38–39; compare Polak 2016). Finally, the prophets of the (late) pre-exilic, exilic, and post-exilic periods strongly opposed any suggestion of seeking help in Egypt, let alone the idea that pharaoh would embody a sincere man of high moral standing. Another critical point regards the fact that Abram was married to his half-sister, which is at odds with the Torah ... (Compare Genesis 12:13; 20:12; and 26:7; with Leviticus 18:9 and Deuteronomy 27:22. There is one more incident where a man is married to his half-sister, Exodus 6:20; 2 Samuel 13:12 only mentions this as a possible option) ..."
Martin Heide and Joris Peters, Camels in the Biblical World, HACL 10 (University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns, 2021), 205.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 12:13 and Genesis 26:7

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