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Genesis

About this book

The Tower of Babel

Chapter 11

1 The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary.⁠ 2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar⁠ and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.”⁠ (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.)⁠ 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves.⁠ Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.”⁠ 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them.⁠ 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.”⁠ 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth,⁠ and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world,⁠ and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.

Shem's Descendants

10 This is the account of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he became the father of Arphaxad, two years after the flood.⁠ 11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.⁠ 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years,⁠ he became the father of Shelah.⁠ 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 16 When Eber had lived 34 years,⁠ he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters. 18 When Peleg had lived 30 years,⁠ he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters. 22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters. 24 When Nahor had lived 29 years,⁠ he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters. 26 When Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Terah's Family

27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans,⁠ while his father Terah was still alive.⁠ 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.⁠ 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children. 31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot (the son of Haran), and his daughter-in-law Sarai, his son Abram’s wife, and with them he set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan.⁠ When they came to Haran, they settled there.⁠ 32 The lifetime of Terah was 205 years, and he died in Haran.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 11:7 and Jubilees 12:25

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Genesis, everyone is described speaking a single, universal language before they are eventually confused. In Jubilees, an angel opens Abram's mouth so he can speak this lost language of creation, undoing the confusion for him.

Passages

Genesis 11:7

Hebrew Bible
5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them. 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.” 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world, and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 12:25

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
25 And the Lord God said: 'Open his mouth and his ears, so that he may hear and speak with his mouth, with the language which has been revealed'; for it had ceased from the mouths of all the human beings from the day of the overthrow (of Babel). 26 And I opened his mouth, and his ears and his lips, and I began to speak with him in Hebrew in the language of creation. 27 And he took the books of his ancestors, and these were written in Hebrew, and he copied them, and he began from then on to study them, and I made known to him that which he could not (understand), and he studied them during the six rainy months.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

“... Moreover, it is also worth noting that the scene in Jubilees continues so that God orders the Angel of Presence to teach Abram Hebrew, the revealed language of the creation which no one had spoken since the time of the Tower of Babel (Jub 12:25–27): 12:25 Then the Lord God said to me, “Open his mouth and his ears to hear and speak with his tongue in the revealed language.” For from the day of the Collapse it had disappeared from the mouth(s) of all humanity. 12:26 I opened his mouth, ears, and lips and began to speak Hebrew with him—in the language of the creation. [...] Thus, Abram could read and study the old books that, for example, Noah and Enoch (Jub 4:17; 10:13; 21:10) had written, and everything that Abram could not understand by himself was explained to him by the angel. This means that at this point Abram spoke a language no other did. Therefore, he had also access to revelation that no one else had access to. This is also an exclusive trait in the rewritten story. ...”
Topias K. E. Tanskanen, “Jacob, the Torah, and the Abrahamic Promise: Studies on the Use and Interpretation of the Jacob Story in the Book of Jubilees” (diss., Åbo Akademi University, 2023), 147.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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  • That is why hebrew language is considered scared in ancient jewish texts

    Paul, September 5, 2026

Genesis 11:7 and Jubilees 12:25

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