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Genesis

About this book

The Tower of Babel

Chapter 11

1 The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary.⁠ 2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar⁠ and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.”⁠ (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.)⁠ 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves.⁠ Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.”⁠ 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them.⁠ 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.”⁠ 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth,⁠ and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world,⁠ and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.

Shem's Descendants

10 This is the account of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he became the father of Arphaxad, two years after the flood.⁠ 11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.⁠ 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years,⁠ he became the father of Shelah.⁠ 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 16 When Eber had lived 34 years,⁠ he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters. 18 When Peleg had lived 30 years,⁠ he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters. 22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters. 24 When Nahor had lived 29 years,⁠ he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters. 26 When Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Terah's Family

27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans,⁠ while his father Terah was still alive.⁠ 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.⁠ 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children. 31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot (the son of Haran), and his daughter-in-law Sarai, his son Abram’s wife, and with them he set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan.⁠ When they came to Haran, they settled there.⁠ 32 The lifetime of Terah was 205 years, and he died in Haran.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 11:6 and Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 12:3

Hebrew Bible · Classical

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Summary

Genesis 11 describes God warning that nothing will be beyond the builders of Babel. Pseudo-Philo quotes this warning as a prediction fulfilled when Israel makes the golden calf.

Passages

Genesis 11:6

Hebrew Bible
4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves. Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.” 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them. 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.” 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth, and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world, and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 12:3

Classical
2 But while he was on the mountain, the heart of the people was corrupted, and they came together to Aaron, saying, “Make us gods to serve, as the other nations also have, for this Moses, by whom the wonders were done before us, has been taken from us.” Aaron said to them, “Be patient, for Moses will come and bring judgment near to us, and light up a law for us, and declare from his mouth the great excellence of God, and appoint judgments for our people.” 3 When he said this, they did not listen to him, so that the word might be fulfilled that was spoken in the day when the people sinned in building the tower, when God said, “And now, if I do not stop them, they will dare everything they take it into their minds to do, and worse.” But Aaron was afraid, because the people were greatly emboldened, and he said to them, “Bring me the earrings of your wives.” And the men sought each one his wife, and they gave them at once, and they put them in the fire, and they were made into a figure, and out came a molten calf.
1–100 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities

References

“... Pseudo-Philo views early biblical material as prophetic in nature and often shows how this material was fulfilled in the later biblical narrative. For example, setting the human lifespan at 120 years (Gen. 6.3) is fulfilled in the length of Moses’ life (LAB 9.8; Deut. 34.7), while making the golden calf (Exod. 32) fulfills God’s predictions in Gen. 11.6 that humans will go from bad to worse (LAB 12.3). Bauckham believes that at many points Pseudo-Philo’s retelling of biblical history parallels the manner in which the Matthean and Lukan evangelists retell the Jesus story as they find it in the Gospel of Mark and in other traditions. ...”
Craig A. Evans, “Luke and the Rewritten Bible: Aspects of Lukan Hagiography,” in The Pseudepigrapha and Early Biblical Interpretation, ed. James H. Charlesworth and Craig A. Evans, JSPSup 14 (Sheffield: JSOT, 1993), 189.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 11:6 and Pseudo Philo, Biblical Antiquities 12:3

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