Go to Related Reading
About this book

Genesis

About this book

The Tower of Babel

Chapter 11

1 The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary.⁠ 2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar⁠ and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.”⁠ (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.)⁠ 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves.⁠ Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.”⁠ 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them.⁠ 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.”⁠ 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth,⁠ and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world,⁠ and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.

Shem's Descendants

10 This is the account of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he became the father of Arphaxad, two years after the flood.⁠ 11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.⁠ 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years,⁠ he became the father of Shelah.⁠ 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 16 When Eber had lived 34 years,⁠ he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters. 18 When Peleg had lived 30 years,⁠ he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters. 22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters. 24 When Nahor had lived 29 years,⁠ he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters. 26 When Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Terah's Family

27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans,⁠ while his father Terah was still alive.⁠ 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.⁠ 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children. 31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot (the son of Haran), and his daughter-in-law Sarai, his son Abram’s wife, and with them he set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan.⁠ When they came to Haran, they settled there.⁠ 32 The lifetime of Terah was 205 years, and he died in Haran.⁠

Texts in conversation

Megillah Identifies Sarah with Iscah Daughter of Haran

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

Share:

Summary

Genesis names Iscah as Haran’s daughter and Sarah as Abram’s wife without connecting them. Rabbinic tradition equates the two, making Sarah Abraham’s niece and adding that her name marks her gift of prophecy.

Passages

Genesis 11:29

Hebrew Bible
28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans, while his father Terah was still alive. 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah. 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Megillah 14a

Rabbinic · Babylonian Talmud
Rabbi Shmuel bar Naḥmani said another explanation of the verse “And there was a certain man from Ramathaim-zophim”: A man who comes from two heights [ramot] that face [tzofot] one another. Rabbi Ḥanin said an additional interpretation: A man who descends from people who stood at the height of [rumo] the world. The Gemara asks: And who are these people? The Gemara answers: These are the sons of Korah, as it is written: “But the sons of Korah did not die” (Numbers 26:11), and with regard to them it is taught in the name of our teacher, Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi: A high place was set aside for them in Gehenna, as the sons of Korah repented in their hearts, and were consequently not propelled very far down in Gehenna when the earth opened to swallow Korah and his followers; and they stood on this high place and sung to the Lord. They alone stood at the height of the lower world. § The Gemara asks with regard to the prophetesses recorded in the baraita: Who were the seven prophetesses? The Gemara answers: Sarah, Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Abigail, Huldah, and Esther. The Gemara offers textual support: Sarah, as it is written: “Haran, the father of Milcah, and the father of Iscah” (Genesis 11:29). And Rabbi Yitzḥak said: Iscah is in fact Sarah. And why was she called Iscah? For she saw [sakhta] by means of divine inspiration, as it is stated: “In all that Sarah has said to you, hearken to her voice” (Genesis 21:12). Alternatively, Sarah was also called Iscah, for all gazed [sokhin] upon her beauty. Miriam was a prophetess, as it is written explicitly: “And Miriam the prophetess, the sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in her hand” (Exodus 15:20). The Gemara asks: Was she the sister only of Aaron, and not the sister of Moses? Why does the verse mention only one of her brothers? Rav Naḥman said that Rav said: For she prophesied when she was the sister of Aaron, i.e., she prophesied since her youth, even before Moses was born, and she would say: My mother is destined to bear a son who will deliver the Jewish people to salvation. And at the time when Moses was born the entire house was filled with light, and her father stood and kissed her on the head, and said to her: My daughter, your prophecy has been fulfilled.
450–550 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Megillah

References

“... Whereas the name of the father of Milcah, Nahor’s wife, is mentioned—he was Haran, Terah’s third son, who had died before his father in the land of his nativity, in Ur of the Chaldees—there is no mention of Sarai’s family. Considering the importance of being ‘ija de famiya’—the daughter of a respectable family—while arranging a matrimonial match, a task performed in the Sephardi Mediterranean milieu by the fathers or older brothers of the young couple—Rabbi Ya’akov Khulí would not leave matters at that. He quoted Rashi’s comment that Iscah, the daughter of Haran, Abraham’s uncle, mentioned in Genesis 11:30, ‘is Sarai,’ thus providing the first biblical Matriarch with biographical data. Moreover, Rashi, citing the Babylonian Talmud, elaborated on the name “Iscah,” connecting it both with being gifted with ruach nevu’ah—the ability to prophesy—and with princely manners: Iscah is Sarah, because she was imbued in ruach nevu’ah and because everyone was impressed with her beauty—as was the case with Pharaoh’s ministers. Furthermore, the name “Iscah” implies princely manners—nesikhut; just as “the name ‘sarah’ that implies—serarah authority.” ...”
Alisa Meyuhas Ginio, “In the Arms of Biblical Women,” in In the Arms of Biblical Women, ed. Leonard J. Greenspoon (Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, 2013), 88–89.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Genesis 11:29 and Megillah 14a

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library