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Genesis

About this book

The Tower of Babel

Chapter 11

1 The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary.⁠ 2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar⁠ and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.”⁠ (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.)⁠ 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves.⁠ Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.”⁠ 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them.⁠ 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.”⁠ 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth,⁠ and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world,⁠ and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.

Shem's Descendants

10 This is the account of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he became the father of Arphaxad, two years after the flood.⁠ 11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.⁠ 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years,⁠ he became the father of Shelah.⁠ 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 16 When Eber had lived 34 years,⁠ he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters. 18 When Peleg had lived 30 years,⁠ he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters. 22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters. 24 When Nahor had lived 29 years,⁠ he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters. 26 When Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Terah's Family

27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans,⁠ while his father Terah was still alive.⁠ 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.⁠ 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children. 31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot (the son of Haran), and his daughter-in-law Sarai, his son Abram’s wife, and with them he set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan.⁠ When they came to Haran, they settled there.⁠ 32 The lifetime of Terah was 205 years, and he died in Haran.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 11:28 and Genesis Rabbah 38:14

Hebrew Bible · Rabbinic

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Summary

In Genesis 11, Haran dies in Ur of the Chaldeans while his father Terah lives. Genesis Rabbah has Abraham smash Terah’s idols to explain how he came to believe in one God, and since Ur also means fire, Haran dies in the furnace Nimrod meant for Abraham.

Passages

Genesis 11:28

Hebrew Bible
27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans, while his father Terah was still alive. 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Genesis Rabbah 38:14

Rabbinic · Aggadah
“Haran died in the presence of Teraḥ his father in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans” (Genesis 11:28). “Haran died during the lifetime of Teraḥ his father” – Rabbi Ḥiyya grandson of Rav Ada of Yafo: Teraḥ was an idol worshipper [and a seller of idols]. One time, he went away to some place, and he installed Abraham as salesman in his stead. A person would come seeking to buy. He [Abraham] would say to him: ‘How old are you?’ He would say to him: ‘Fifty or sixty years old.’ He would say to him: ‘Woe to this man who is sixty years old and seeks to prostrate himself before something that is one day old.’ He would be ashamed and leave. One time, a certain woman came, carrying a dish of fine flour in her hand. She said to him: ‘Here, offer it before them.’ He arose, took a club in his hand, shattered all the idols, and placed the club in the hand of the largest among them.
500 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis Rabbah

References

... father and brother serving other gods explained not only why Abraham ended up being the one to whom God promised great things in Genesis 12, but also how it was that Abraham came to know that there is only one God in the first place and that all the “other gods” are simply false. Now, elsewhere in the Bible the worship of “other gods” is frequently described—caricatured, one might say—as bowing down to “gods of wood and stone,” that is, idols, mere human creations. And so, ancient interpreters and retellers of the story of Abraham enjoyed depicting at length Terah’s ministering and tending to such idols. Terah became not just an idol worshiper, but a priest of idolatry, or a manufacturer or seller of idols. With such a father, Abraham must in his youth have gotten a close-up view of the folly of worshiping idols, and it was this exposure that might ultimately have led him to realize that these “other gods” are simply an illusion ...
James L. Kugel, The Bible as It Was (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), 137–138.
“... Although the earliest known and most often cited version of the idol shop story is found in a midrashic collection, it does not function as classic midrash. Its biblical “peg” is Gen 11:28: “And Haran died in the presence of his father Terah in Ur of the Chaldeans.” Ur is both the name of Abraham’s city and a word meaning fire in Hebrew and Aramaic. At the same time that God allows Haran to burn to death, He saves Abraham from the fiery furnace, a probable allusion to Gen 15:7: “I am God who has taken you out of Ur of the Chaldeans.” The midrash reads this verse “I am God who has taken you out of the fire of the Chaldeans,” but its biblical peg about the death of Haran is used only at the very end of the three-part unit of which the idol shop constitutes part one. Neither the events in the idol shop nor the theological debate with Nimrod that follows it can be drawn, however indirectly, from verses in Genesis. ...”
Diana Lipton, “Idol Moments: Reading the Bible in Abraham’s Father’s Idol Shop,” in Marbeh Ḥokmah: Studies in the Bible and the Ancient Near East in Loving Memory of Victor Avigdor Hurowitz, ed. S. Yona, E. L. Greenstein, M. I. Gruber, P. Machinist, and S. M. Paul (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2015), 351–352.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 11:28 and Genesis Rabbah 38:14

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