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Genesis

About this book

The Tower of Babel

Chapter 11

1 The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary.⁠ 2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar⁠ and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.”⁠ (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.)⁠ 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves.⁠ Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.”⁠ 5 But the Lord came down to see the city and the tower that the people had started building. 6 And the Lord said, “If as one people all sharing a common language they have begun to do this, then nothing they plan to do will be beyond them.⁠ 7 Come, let’s go down and confuse their language so they won’t be able to understand each other.”⁠ 8 So the Lord scattered them from there across the face of the entire earth,⁠ and they stopped building the city. 9 That is why its name was called Babel—because there the Lord confused the language of the entire world,⁠ and from there the Lord scattered them across the face of the entire earth.

Shem's Descendants

10 This is the account of Shem. Shem was 100 years old when he became the father of Arphaxad, two years after the flood.⁠ 11 And after becoming the father of Arphaxad, Shem lived 500 years and had other sons and daughters.⁠ 12 When Arphaxad had lived 35 years,⁠ he became the father of Shelah.⁠ 13 And after he became the father of Shelah, Arphaxad lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 14 When Shelah had lived 30 years, he became the father of Eber. 15 And after he became the father of Eber, Shelah lived 403 years and had other sons and daughters. 16 When Eber had lived 34 years,⁠ he became the father of Peleg. 17 And after he became the father of Peleg, Eber lived 430 years and had other sons and daughters. 18 When Peleg had lived 30 years,⁠ he became the father of Reu. 19 And after he became the father of Reu, Peleg lived 209 years and had other sons and daughters. 20 When Reu had lived 32 years, he became the father of Serug. 21 And after he became the father of Serug, Reu lived 207 years and had other sons and daughters. 22 When Serug had lived 30 years, he became the father of Nahor. 23 And after he became the father of Nahor, Serug lived 200 years and had other sons and daughters. 24 When Nahor had lived 29 years,⁠ he became the father of Terah. 25 And after he became the father of Terah, Nahor lived 119 years and had other sons and daughters. 26 When Terah had lived 70 years, he became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

Terah's Family

27 This is the account of Terah. Terah became the father of Abram, Nahor, and Haran. And Haran became the father of Lot. 28 Haran died in the land of his birth, in Ur of the Chaldeans,⁠ while his father Terah was still alive.⁠ 29 And Abram and Nahor took wives for themselves. The name of Abram’s wife was Sarai. And the name of Nahor’s wife was Milcah; she was the daughter of Haran, who was the father of both Milcah and Iscah.⁠ 30 But Sarai was barren; she had no children. 31 Terah took his son Abram, his grandson Lot (the son of Haran), and his daughter-in-law Sarai, his son Abram’s wife, and with them he set out from Ur of the Chaldeans to go to Canaan.⁠ When they came to Haran, they settled there.⁠ 32 The lifetime of Terah was 205 years, and he died in Haran.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 10:32 and Genesis 11:1 and Jubilees 8:9

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

Jubilees addresses a problem in Genesis, where the nations are divided after the flood but are united again at the tower of Babel. Jubilees resolves this by saying the first division was flawed, leading Noah to carry out a second division.

Passages

Genesis 10:32

Hebrew Bible
30 Their dwelling place was from Mesha all the way to Sephar in the eastern hills. 31 These are the sons of Shem according to their families, according to their languages, by their lands, and according to their nations. 32 These are the families of the sons of Noah, according to their genealogies, by their nations, and from these the nations spread over the earth after the flood.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Genesis 11:1

Hebrew Bible
1 The whole earth had a common language and a common vocabulary. 2 When the people moved eastward, they found a plain in Shinar and settled there. 3 Then they said to one another, “Come, let’s make bricks and bake them thoroughly.” (They had brick instead of stone and tar instead of mortar.) 4 Then they said, “Come, let’s build ourselves a city and a tower with its top in the heavens so that we may make a name for ourselves. Otherwise we will be scattered across the face of the entire earth.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Jubilees 8:9

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions
8 And in its sixth year [1567], she bore him a son, and he named him Peleg; for in the days when he was born the children of Noah began to divide the earth among themselves: for this reason he named him Peleg. 9 And they divided (it) secretly among themselves, and told it to Noah. 10 And at the beginning of the thirty-third jubilee [1569] they divided the earth into three parts, for Shem and Ham and Japheth, according to the inheritance of each, in the first year in the first week, when one of us who had been sent, was with them.
170–125 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Jubilees

References

"... Genesis concluded that same chapter by saying: “These are the groupings of Noah’s descendants ... and from these the nations branched out over the earth after the flood,” that is, they branched out according to the way Noah’s descendants had divided things up. There was a problem, however: the next chapter of Genesis begins with the story of the Tower of Babel, which depicts all of humanity as still being one large family, with everyone having “the same language and the same words” and everyone settling together “in a valley in the land of Shinar” (Genesis 11:1-2). So did they split up or did they not? Jubilees’ author seeks to resolve this difficulty by saying that Noah’s sons had divided the earth in a bad way among themselves, necessitating a second division by Noah himself ..."
James L. Kugel, A Walk through Jubilees: Studies in the Book of Jubilees and the World of Its Creation (Leiden: Brill, 2012), 76.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Genesis 10:32 and Genesis 11:1 and Jubilees 8:9

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