Go to Related Reading
About this book

Genesis

About this book

Creation of the World

Chapter 1

1 In the beginning⁠ God created the heavens and the earth.⁠ 2 Now the earth was without shape and empty,⁠ and darkness was over the surface of the watery deep,⁠ but the Spirit of God was hovering11 over the surface of the water.⁠ 3 God said, “Let there be light.” And there was light!⁠ 4 God saw that the light was good,⁠ so God separated the light from the darkness.⁠ 5 God called the light “day” and the darkness “night.” There was evening, and there was morning, marking the first day.⁠ 6 God said, “Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters and let it separate⁠ water from water.”⁠ 7 So God made the expanse and separated the water under the expanse from the water above it.⁠ It was so.⁠ 8 God called the expanse “sky.”⁠ There was evening, and there was morning, a second day. 9 God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place and let dry ground appear.”⁠ It was so.⁠ 10 God called the dry ground “land” and the gathered waters he called “seas.”⁠ God saw that it was good.⁠ 11 God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: plants yielding seeds and trees on the land bearing fruit with seed in it, according to their kinds.” It was so. 12 The land produced vegetation—plants yielding seeds according to their kinds, and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. God saw that it was good. 13 There was evening, and there was morning, a third day. 14 God said, “Let there be lights in the expanse of the sky⁠ to separate the day from the night,⁠ and let them be signs to indicate seasons and days and years,⁠ 15 and let them serve as lights in the expanse of the sky to give light on the earth.” It was so. 16 God made two great lights—the greater light to rule over the day and the lesser light to rule over the night.⁠ He made the stars also.⁠ 17 God placed the lights in the expanse of the sky to shine on the earth, 18 to preside over the day and the night, and to separate the light from the darkness. God saw that it was good. 19 There was evening, and there was morning, a fourth day. 20 God said, “Let the water swarm with swarms of living creatures and let birds fly above the earth across the expanse of the sky.”⁠ 21 God created the great sea creatures⁠ and every living and moving thing with which the water swarmed, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind.⁠ God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and multiply and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds multiply on the earth.”⁠ 23 There was evening, and there was morning, a fifth day. 24 God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: cattle, creeping things, and wild animals, each according to its kind.” It was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the cattle according to their kinds, and all the creatures that creep along the ground according to their kinds. God saw that it was good. 26 Then God said, “Let us make humankind in our image,⁠ after our likeness,⁠ so they may rule⁠ over⁠ the fish of the sea and the birds of the air, over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over all the creatures that move on the earth.”⁠ 27 God created humankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them,⁠ male and female he created them.⁠ 28 God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and multiply!⁠ Fill the earth and subdue it!⁠ Rule over the fish of the sea and the birds of the air and every creature that moves on the ground.”⁠ 29 Then God said, “I now give you every seed-bearing plant on the face of the entire earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in it. They will be yours for food.⁠ 30 And to all the animals of the earth, and to every bird of the air, and to all the creatures that move on the ground—everything that has living breath in it—I⁠ give every green plant for food.” It was so. 31 God saw all that he had made—and it was very good!⁠ There was evening, and there was morning, the sixth day.

Texts in conversation

Compare Genesis 1:3 and Psalm 33:9

Hebrew Bible

Share:

Summary

Genesis depicts creation through God’s speech, bringing order without struggle. Psalm 33 repeats this, saying the world exists because God spoke. These may represent a move away from ancient Near Eastern traditions of creation through divine conflict.

Passages

Genesis 1:3

Hebrew Bible
1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was without shape and empty, and darkness was over the surface of the watery deep, but the Spirit of God was hovering11 over the surface of the water. 3 God said, “Let there be light.” And there was light! 4 God saw that the light was good, so God separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day” and the darkness “night.” There was evening, and there was morning, marking the first day.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Genesis

Psalm 33:9

Hebrew Bible
7 He piles up the water of the sea; he puts the oceans in storehouses. 8 Let the whole earth fear the Lord. Let all who live in the world stand in awe of him. 9 For he spoke, and it came into existence. He issued the decree, and it stood firm. 10 The Lord frustrates the decisions of the nations; he nullifies the plans of the peoples. 11 The Lord’s decisions stand forever; his plans abide throughout the ages.
600–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Psalms

References

"... The first word of the Torah is “In the beginning” – in Hebrew just one word, beresit. It is a beginning in an absolute sense. As the psalmist says: “Before the mountains were brought forth, or ever you had formed the earth and the world, from everlasting to everlasting you are God” (Psalm 90:2). Before the “beginning” there was nothing but God. The second word in Genesis is also of particular relevance: “To create” is one of the very few verbs in the Hebrew Bible that is only used with God as subject. Nothing happens at this beginning except God’s creative actions. But the next verse seems to contradict the absoluteness of this beginning: The earth did already exist. Yet it was still “formless and void,” a chaos dominated by waters and darkness. This shows that the author of the creation story in Genesis was not the first one to think and to speak about the beginning of the world. There existed many traditions in other countries and cultures of the ancient world about the origins of the world, some of whom were obviously known in Israel. In particular the Babylonian tradition tells us about an original chaos that had to be beaten by a creator god in order to establish the habitable world. The Hebrew word for the chaotic waters, tehom, echoes the name of Tiamat, the chaotic monster in the Babylonian mythology. Yet the relationship between these two traditions shows at the same time their fundamental difference. The Babylonian creator god, Marduk, had to go through a hard and dangerous fight against the chaotic monster. But the god of Genesis does not fight. He just speaks. It is one of the basic wordings in the biblical creation story: God spoke and it happened. To quote again a psalmist: “For he spoke, and it came to be; he commanded, and it stood firm” (Psalm 33:9). Yet the Hebrew Bible contains also certain echoes of the mythological tradition of a primeval fight of the creator god against chaotic powers ..."
Rolf Rendtorff, “Creation and Redemption in the Torah,” in The Blackwell Companion to the Hebrew Bible, ed. Leo G. Perdue, Blackwell Companions to Religion (Oxford: Blackwell, 2001), 311–320.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

Your feedback

Genesis 1:3 and Psalm 33:9

Leave a comment

Your questions and comments are welcome!

Comments

Glossary

Search the Library