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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 9

1 Then he shouted in my ears, “Approach, you who are to visit destruction on the city, each with his destructive weapon in his hand!” 2 Next I noticed six men coming from the direction of the upper gate that faces north, each with his war club in his hand. Among them was a man dressed in linen⁠ with a writing kit at his side. They came and stood beside the bronze altar. 3 Then the glory of the God of Israel went up from the cherub where it had rested to the threshold of the temple.⁠ He called to the man dressed in linen who had the writing kit at his side. 4 The Lord said to him, “Go through the city of Jerusalem and put a mark on the foreheads of the people who moan and groan over all the abominations practiced in it.”⁠ 5 While I listened, he said to the others, “Go through the city after him and strike people down; do not let your eye pity nor spare anyone! 6 Old men, young men, young women, little children, and women—wipe them out! But do not touch anyone who has the mark. Begin at my sanctuary!” So they began with the elders who were at the front of the temple. 7 He said to them, “Defile the temple and fill the courtyards with corpses. Go!” So they went out and struck people down throughout the city. 8 While they were striking them down, I was left alone, and I threw myself face down and cried out, “Ah, Sovereign Lord! Will you destroy the entire remnant of Israel when you pour out your fury on Jerusalem?” 9 He said to me, “The sin of the house of Israel and Judah is extremely great; the land is full of murder, and the city is full of corruption, for they say, ‘The Lord has abandoned the land, and the Lord does not see!’ 10 But as for me, my eye will not pity them nor will I spare them; I hereby repay them for what they have done.” 11 Next I noticed the man dressed in linen with the writing kit at his side bringing back word: “I have done just as you commanded me.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 16:3 and Ezekiel 9:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Aaron’s linen clothes in Leviticus 16 resemble those of the divine figure in Ezekiel 9, linking the high priest to angelic beings. This makes Aaron’s role not just a mediator for Israel but depicts him temporarily participating in the divine world.

Passages

Leviticus 16:3

Hebrew Bible
3 “In this way Aaron is to enter into the sanctuary—with a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering. 4 He must put on a holy linen tunic, linen leggings are to cover his body, and he is to wrap himself with a linen sash and wrap his head with a linen turban. They are holy garments, so he must bathe his body in water and put them on. 5 He must also take two male goats from the congregation of the Israelites for a sin offering and one ram for a burnt offering.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Ezekiel 9:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Then he shouted in my ears, “Approach, you who are to visit destruction on the city, each with his destructive weapon in his hand!” 2 Next I noticed six men coming from the direction of the upper gate that faces north, each with his war club in his hand. Among them was a man dressed in linen with a writing kit at his side. They came and stood beside the bronze altar. 3 Then the glory of the God of Israel went up from the cherub where it had rested to the threshold of the temple. He called to the man dressed in linen who had the writing kit at his side.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

"... Important to note here is that the typological pattern identified by Morales can elucidate Aaron’s post requisite washing: as the high priest ritually “descends” from the [innermost sanctuary] he must pass back through the waters in order to rejoin the mundane sphere of normal existence. Providing further support to this conceptual parallel are the clothes Aaron was to dress in when entering his marginal state. The prescribed garments were not his normal attire (compare Exodus 28). Rather, Aaron was to dress in “linen clothes” (16:23); more specifically, in linen “tunic”, “undergarment”, “sash”, and “turban” (16:4). The wearing of such unusually plain clothing is often understood to signify association with the people, humility, or repentance. However, other nuances are also possible. Keil, followed by others, notes that linen clothing in the Old Testament is often associated with angelic beings and the divine court (e.g., Ezekiel 9:2–3, 11; Daniel 5:5; 7:6–7). Thus, Aaron’s unique clothing may signify, in a manner similar to his ceremonial passing through the waters, his “ascent” into the “other world” of the most holy place. Support for such a reading is found in 1QSb 4:25, which describes the high priest as the “angel” of the inner shrine in heaven ..."
G. Geoffrey Harper, "I Will Walk among You": The Rhetorical Function of Allusion to Genesis 1-3 in the Book of Leviticus (University Park, PA: Eisenbrauns, 2018), 244–245.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 16:3 and Ezekiel 9:2

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