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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 47

1 Then he brought me back to the entrance of the temple. I noticed that water was flowing from under the threshold of the temple toward the east⁠ (for the temple faced east). The water was flowing down from under the right side of the temple, from south of the altar.⁠ 2 He led me out by way of the north gate and brought me around the outside of the outer gate that faces toward the east; I noticed that the water was trickling out from the south side. 3 When the man went out toward the east with a measuring line in his hand, he measured 1,750 feet, and then he led me through water, which was ankle deep. 4 Again he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was now knee deep. Once more he measured 1,750 feet and led me through the water, which was waist deep. 5 Again he measured 1,750 feet, and it was a river I could not cross, for the water had risen; it was deep enough to swim in, a river that could not be crossed. 6 He said to me, “Son of man, have you seen this?” Then he led me back to the bank of the river. 7 When I had returned, I noticed a vast number of trees on the banks of the river, on both sides.⁠ 8 He said to me, “These waters go out toward the eastern region and flow down into the rift valley; when they enter the Dead Sea, where the sea is stagnant, the waters become fresh. 9 Every living creature that swarms where the river flows will live; there will be many fish, for these waters flow there. It will become fresh, and everything will live where the river flows.⁠ 10 Fishermen will stand beside it; from En Gedi to En Eglaim they will spread nets. They will catch many kinds of fish, like the fish of the Great Sea. 11 But its swamps and its marshes will not become fresh; they will remain salty. 12 On both sides of the river’s banks, every kind of tree will grow for food. Their leaves will not wither nor will their fruit fail, but they will bear fruit every month because their water source flows from the sanctuary.⁠ Their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing.” 13 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “Here are the borders you will observe as you allot the land to the 12 tribes of Israel. (Joseph will have two portions.) 14 You must divide it equally just as I vowed to give it to your forefathers; this land will be assigned as your inheritance. 15 “This will be the border of the land: On the north side, from the Great Sea by way of Hethlon to the entrance of Zedad;⁠ 16 Hamath, Berothah, Sibraim, which is between the border of Damascus and the border of Hamath, as far as Hazer Hattikon, which is on the border of Hauran. 17 The border will run from the sea to Hazar Enan, at the border of Damascus, and on the north is the border of Hamath. This is the north side. 18 On the east side, between Hauran and Damascus, and between Gilead and the land of Israel, will be the Jordan. You will measure from the border to the eastern sea. This is the east side. 19 On the south side it will run from Tamar to the waters of Meribah Kadesh, the river, to the Great Sea. This is the south side. 20 On the west side the Great Sea will be the boundary to a point opposite Lebo Hamath. This is the west side. 21 “This is how you will divide this land for yourselves among the tribes of Israel. 22 You must allot it as an inheritance among yourselves and for the resident foreigners who live among you, who have fathered sons among you. You must treat them as native-born among the people of Israel; they will be allotted an inheritance with you among the tribes of Israel.⁠ 23 In whatever tribe the resident foreigner lives, there you will give him his inheritance,” declares the Sovereign Lord.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 47:12 and Zechariah 14:8

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ezekiel describes a future where a river flows from the temple, bringing life, monthly fruit, and healing leaves. Zechariah echoes this image with waters flowing from Jerusalem and connects it to Sukkot and its focus on rain and fertility.

Passages

Ezekiel 47:12

Hebrew Bible
10 Fishermen will stand beside it; from En Gedi to En Eglaim they will spread nets. They will catch many kinds of fish, like the fish of the Great Sea. 11 But its swamps and its marshes will not become fresh; they will remain salty. 12 On both sides of the river’s banks, every kind of tree will grow for food. Their leaves will not wither nor will their fruit fail, but they will bear fruit every month because their water source flows from the sanctuary. Their fruit will be for food and their leaves for healing.” 13 This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “Here are the borders you will observe as you allot the land to the 12 tribes of Israel. (Joseph will have two portions.) 14 You must divide it equally just as I vowed to give it to your forefathers; this land will be assigned as your inheritance.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Zechariah 14:8

Hebrew Bible
6 On that day there will be no light—the sources of light in the heavens will congeal. 7 It will happen in one day—a day known to the Lord—not in the day or the night, but in the evening there will be light. 8 Moreover, on that day living waters will flow out from Jerusalem, half of them to the eastern sea and half of them to the western sea; it will happen both in summer and in winter. 9 The Lord will then be king over all the earth. In that day the Lord will be seen as one with a single name. 10 All the land will change and become like the rift valley from Geba to Rimmon, south of Jerusalem. Jerusalem will be raised up and will stay in its own place from the Benjamin Gate to the site of the First Gate and on to the Corner Gate, and from the Tower of Hananel to the royal winepresses.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... The sign of the nation’s acceptance of Yahweh’s kingship will be their pilgrimage to Jerusalem for the Sukkot. The selection of Sukkot is due to several factors: (1) more than any other of the pilgrimage festivals, Sukkot, was associated with the temple. Zechariah presents a utopia with idealized worship at an idealized temple. Consequently, the idealized temple requires the performance of most temple oriented of all pilgrimage festivals – Sukkot. (2) Sukkot is associated with the dedication or rededication of the temple. In 1 Kings, Solomon dedicates the first temple during the festival of Sukkot. Ezra 3:1-6 links the return to regular sacrifices at the second Temple with Sukkot. These previous associations of Sukkot with either a new temple or renewed worship at a new temple probably influenced the selection of Sukkot as the appropriate festival for Zechariah’s new form of universal worship. (3) Mishna Sukkah 4:14 refers to the performance of a water libation, a rainmaking ritual, every day during the festival of Sukkot. This reference combined with the idea of waters flowing from Jerusalem or the Temple (Zechariah 14:6; compare Ezekiel 47) and the withholding of rain from nations who do not participate in Sukkot (Zechariah 14:8) may provide an additional rationale for the choice of Sukkot. (4) Sukkot is a fall festival; therefore, there is a connection with the fertility of land. This is one of the other major benefits described in chapter 14 ..."
Anne Moore, Moving beyond Symbol and Myth: Understanding the Kingship of God of the Hebrew Bible through Metaphor, StBibLit 99 (New York: Peter Lang, 2009), 178–179.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 47:12 and Zechariah 14:8

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