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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 4

1 “And you, son of man, take a brick and set it in front of you. Inscribe a city on it—Jerusalem. 2 Lay siege to it! Build siege works against it. Erect a siege ramp against it! Post soldiers outside it and station battering rams around it. 3 Then for your part take an iron frying pan and set it up as an iron wall between you and the city. Set your face toward it. It is to be under siege; you are to besiege it. This is a sign for the house of Israel. 4 “Also for your part lie on your left side and place the iniquity of the house of Israel on it. For the number of days you lie on your side you will bear their iniquity. 5 I have determined that the number of the years of their iniquity are to be the number of days for you—390 days. So bear the iniquity of the house of Israel. 6 “When you have completed these days, then lie down a second time, but on your right side, and bear the iniquity of the house of Judah 40 days—I have assigned one day for each year. 7 You must turn your face toward the siege of Jerusalem with your arm bared and prophesy against it. 8 Look here: I will tie you up with ropes, so you cannot turn from one side to the other until you complete the days of your siege. 9 “As for you, take wheat, barley, beans, lentils, millet, and spelt, put them in a single container, and make food from them for yourself. For the same number of days that you lie on your side—390 days—you will eat it. 10 The food you eat will be eight ounces a day by weight; you must eat it at fixed times. 11 And you must drink water by measure, a pint and a half; you must drink it at fixed times. 12 And you must eat the food as you would a barley cake. You must bake it in front of them over a fire made with dried human excrement.” 13 And the Lord said, “This is how the people of Israel will eat their unclean food among the nations where I will banish them.”⁠ 14 And I said, “Ah, Sovereign Lord, I have never been ceremonially defiled before. I have never eaten a carcass or an animal torn by wild beasts; from my youth up, unclean meat has never entered my mouth.”⁠ 15 So he said to me, “All right then, I will substitute cow’s manure instead of human excrement. You will cook your food over it.” 16 Then he said to me, “Son of man, I am about to remove the bread supply in Jerusalem. They will eat their bread ration anxiously, and they will drink their water ration in terror 17 because they will lack bread and water. Each one will be terrified, and they will rot for their iniquity.

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 4:14 and Acts 10:14

Hebrew Bible · New Testament

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Summary

Acts describes Peter refusing to eat unclean animals, declaring he has never eaten anything impure. This describes Peter following a pattern based on Ezekiel, who similarly protests when God tells him to eat unclean food.

Passages

Ezekiel 4:14

Hebrew Bible
12 And you must eat the food as you would a barley cake. You must bake it in front of them over a fire made with dried human excrement.” 13 And the Lord said, “This is how the people of Israel will eat their unclean food among the nations where I will banish them.” 14 And I said, “Ah, Sovereign Lord, I have never been ceremonially defiled before. I have never eaten a carcass or an animal torn by wild beasts; from my youth up, unclean meat has never entered my mouth.” 15 So he said to me, “All right then, I will substitute cow’s manure instead of human excrement. You will cook your food over it.” 16 Then he said to me, “Son of man, I am about to remove the bread supply in Jerusalem. They will eat their bread ration anxiously, and they will drink their water ration in terror
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Acts 10:14

New Testament
12 In it were all kinds of four-footed animals and reptiles of the earth and wild birds. 13 Then a voice said to him, “Get up, Peter; slaughter and eat!” 14 But Peter said, “Certainly not, Lord, for I have never eaten anything defiled and ritually unclean!” 15 The voice spoke to him again, a second time, “What God has made clean, you must not consider ritually unclean!” 16 This happened three times, and immediately the object was taken up into heaven.
70–90 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in Acts

References

"... Peter’s response has confounded many scholars who rationalize how he should have simply selected for consumption a pure animal since all creatures were lying in front of him on the canopy. But Luke is not interested in engaging Peter and the heavens in a battle over semantics. Luke is more eager to move on to the moral of the vision, which really concerns people, rather than delay in portraying Peter trying to outwit a divine mandate that declares (in a vision) all foods to be pure. In this way, Luke chooses to present a Peter who refuses to imply in any way, even in a vision, that he would eat non-kosher animals. This is not the first or last time in Jewish tradition that a human figure will resist a divine mandate to commit an act that presumably involves the transgression of a precept from the Mosaic Torah. The prime example in Ezekiel 4:14 has already been pointed, which might have even inspired the wording of Peter’s reply in Acts 10:14 and 11:8 ..."
Isaac Wilk Oliver, “Torah Praxis after 70 C.E.: Reading Matthew and Luke-Acts as Jewish Texts” (PhD diss., The University of Michigan, 2012), 418.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 4:14 and Acts 10:14

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