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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 37

1 The hand of the Lord was on me, and he brought me out by the Spirit of the Lord and placed me in the midst of the valley, and it was full of bones.⁠ 2 He made me walk all around among them. I realized there were a great many bones in the valley, and they were very dry. 3 He said to me, “Son of man, can these bones live?”⁠ I said to him, “Sovereign Lord, you know.” 4 Then he said to me, “Prophesy over these bones, and tell them: ‘Dry bones, listen to the Lord’s message.⁠ 5 This is what the Sovereign Lord says to these bones: Look, I am about to infuse breath into you and you will live.⁠ 6 I will put tendons on you and muscles over you and will cover you with skin; I will put breath in you, and you will live. Then you will know that I am the Lord.’” 7 So I prophesied as I was commanded. There was a sound when I prophesied— I heard a rattling, and the bones came together, bone to bone.⁠ 8 As I watched, I saw tendons on them, then muscles appeared, and skin covered over them from above, but there was no breath in them. 9 He said to me, “Prophesy to the breath—prophesy, son of man—and say to the breath: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Come from the four winds, O breath, and breathe on these corpses so that they may live.’” 10 So I prophesied as I was commanded, and the breath came into them; they lived and stood on their feet, an extremely great army. 11 Then he said to me, “Son of man, these bones are all the house of Israel. Look, they are saying, ‘Our bones are dry, our hope has perished; we are cut off.’ 12 Therefore prophesy, and tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to open your graves and will raise you from your graves, my people. I will bring you to the land of Israel.⁠ 13 Then you will know that I am the Lord, when I open your graves and raise you from your graves, my people.⁠ 14 I will place my breath in you and you will live; I will give you rest in your own land. Then you will know that I am the Lord—I have spoken and I will act, declares the Lord.’” 15 The Lord’s message came to me: 16 “As for you, son of man, take one branch and write on it, ‘For Judah and for the Israelites associated with him.’ Then take another branch and write on it, ‘For Joseph, the branch of Ephraim, and all the house of Israel associated with him.’ 17 Join them as one stick; they will be as one in your hand.⁠ 18 When your people say to you, ‘Will you not tell us what these things mean?’ 19 tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the branch of Joseph that is in the hand of Ephraim and the tribes of Israel associated with him, and I will place them on the stick of Judah and make them into one stick—they will be one in my hand.’ 20 The sticks you write on will be in your hand in front of them. 21 Then tell them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Look, I am about to take the Israelites from among the nations where they have gone. I will gather them from round about and bring them to their land. 22 I will make them one nation in the land, on the mountains of Israel, and one king will rule over them all. They will never again be two nations and never again be divided into two kingdoms. 23 They will not defile themselves with their idols, their detestable things, and all their rebellious deeds. I will save them from all their unfaithfulness by which they sinned. I will purify them; they will become my people, and I will become their God. 24 “‘My servant David will be king over them; there will be one shepherd for all of them. They will follow my regulations and carefully observe my statutes. 25 They will live in the land I gave to my servant Jacob, in which your fathers lived; they will live in it—they and their children and their grandchildren forever. David my servant will be prince over them forever. 26 I will make a covenant of peace with them; it will be a perpetual covenant with them. I will establish them, increase their numbers, and place my sanctuary among them forever. 27 My dwelling place will be with them; I will be their God, and they will be my people.⁠ 28 Then, when my sanctuary is among them forever, the nations will know that I, the Lord, sanctify Israel.’”

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 37:4 and Apocalypse of Peter 1:13

Hebrew Bible · Early Christian

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Summary

Ezekiel sees a valley of dry bones and is told to prophesy over them so they live again. The Apocalypse of Peter cites this scene as proof of resurrection, quoting “Son of man, prophesy upon the bones” and adding joints and sinews.

Passages

Ezekiel 37:4

Hebrew Bible
3 He said to me, “Son of man, can these bones live?” I said to him, “Sovereign Lord, you know.” 4 Then he said to me, “Prophesy over these bones, and tell them: ‘Dry bones, listen to the Lord’s message. 5 This is what the Sovereign Lord says to these bones: Look, I am about to infuse breath into you and you will live.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Apocalypse of Peter 1:13

Early Christian · Revelation of Peter
12 He will command the wild beasts and the birds to restore all the flesh that they have devoured, because he wills that all people should appear; for nothing perishes before God, and nothing is impossible with him, because all things are his. 13 For all things come to pass on the day of decision, on the day of judgment, at the word of God: and as all things were done when he created the world and commanded all that is in it and it was done — so also will it be in the last days; for all things are possible with God. Therefore he says in the scripture: Son of man, prophesy upon the bones and say to the bones: bone to bone in joints, sinews, nerves, flesh and skin and hair on them, and soul and spirit. 14 And soul and spirit will the great Uriel give them at the commandment of God; for God has set him over the rising again of the dead at the day of judgment.
100–150 CE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Apocalypse of Peter

References

... The source of the quotation has been hardly ever discussed, though Buchholz suggests that it may not have been taken directly from Ezekiel but from an apocryphal work based on Ezekiel. Oddly enough, it has not been mentioned among the various sources in early Christian literature which might derive from the Apocryphon of Ezekiel. This is probably because scholars have paid so little attention to the Apocalypse of Peter. But the quotation, despite its obvious relationship to Ezekiel 37:3-14, diverges so much from that passage that the question of an apocryphal source ought to be raised, especially as it is the only formal scriptural quotation in the Apocalypse of Peter and therefore might reasonably be expected to be relatively accurate. The source of the quotation can now be identified as the Ezekiel apocalypse (designated Second Ezekiel or Pseudo-Ezekiel) which is extant in small fragments from Qumran Cave 4 (4Q385-391). ...
Richard Bauckham, The Fate of the Dead: Studies on the Jewish and Christian Apocalypses, NovTSup 93 (Leiden: Brill, 1998), 262–263.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 37:4 and Apocalypse of Peter 1:13

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