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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 17

1 The Lord’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, offer a riddle and tell a parable to the house of Israel. 3 Say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘A great eagle with broad wings, long feathers, with full plumage that was multihued, came to Lebanon and took the top of the cedar.⁠ 4 He plucked off its topmost shoot; he brought it to a land of merchants and planted it in a city of traders. 5 He took one of the seedlings of the land, placed it in a cultivated plot; a shoot by abundant water, like a willow he planted it. 6 It sprouted and became a vine, spreading low to the ground; its branches turning toward him, its roots were under itself. So it became a vine; it produced shoots and sent out branches. 7 “‘There was another great eagle with broad wings and thick plumage. Now this vine twisted its roots toward him and sent its branches toward him to be watered from the soil where it was planted. 8 In a good field, by abundant waters, it was planted to grow branches, bear fruit, and become a beautiful vine.’ 9 “Say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘Will it prosper? Will he not rip out its roots and cause its fruit to rot and wither? All its foliage will wither. No strong arm or large army will be needed to pull it out by its roots. 10 Consider! It is planted, but will it prosper? Will it not wither completely when the east wind blows on it? Will it not wither in the soil where it sprouted?’” 11 Then the Lord’s message came to me: 12 “Say to the rebellious house of Israel: ‘Don’t you know what these things mean?’ Say: ‘See here, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and took her king and her officials prisoner and brought them to himself in Babylon. 13 He took one from the royal family, made a treaty with him, and put him under oath. He then took the leaders of the land 14 so it would be a lowly kingdom that could not rise on its own but had to keep its treaty with him in order to stand. 15 But this one from Israel’s royal family rebelled against the king of Babylon by sending his emissaries to Egypt to obtain horses and a large army. Will he prosper? Will the one doing these things escape? Can he break the covenant and escape? 16 “‘As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, surely in the city of the king who crowned him, whose oath he despised and whose covenant he broke—in the middle of Babylon he will die! 17 Pharaoh with his great army and mighty horde will not help him in battle, when siege ramps are erected and siege walls are built to kill many people. 18 He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Take note—he gave his promise and did all these things. He will not escape! 19 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, I will certainly repay him for despising my oath and breaking my covenant! 20 I will throw my net over him and he will be caught in my snare; I will bring him to Babylon and judge him there because of the unfaithfulness he committed against me. 21 All the choice men among his troops will die by the sword, and the survivors will be scattered to every wind. Then you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken! 22 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘I will take a sprig from the lofty top of the cedar and plant it. I will pluck from the top one of its tender twigs; I myself will plant it on a high and lofty mountain. 23 I will plant it on a high mountain of Israel, and it will raise branches and produce fruit and become a beautiful cedar. Every bird will live under it; every winged creature will live in the shade of its branches.⁠ 24 All the trees of the field will know that I am the Lord. I make the high tree low; I raise up the low tree. I make the green tree wither, and I make the dry tree sprout. I, the Lord, have spoken, and I will do it!’”

Texts in conversation

Compare Ezekiel 17:3 and Zechariah 11:2

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ezekiel and Zechariah use Lebanon’s trees to convey political collapse. Ezekiel’s use represents exile by a foreign empire, while Zechariah’s call for the trees to cry signals the land’s devastation and the downfall of its rulers.

Passages

Ezekiel 17:3

Hebrew Bible
1 The Lord’s message came to me: 2 “Son of man, offer a riddle and tell a parable to the house of Israel. 3 Say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘A great eagle with broad wings, long feathers, with full plumage that was multihued, came to Lebanon and took the top of the cedar. 4 He plucked off its topmost shoot; he brought it to a land of merchants and planted it in a city of traders. 5 He took one of the seedlings of the land, placed it in a cultivated plot; a shoot by abundant water, like a willow he planted it.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

Zechariah 11:2

Hebrew Bible
1 Open your gates, Lebanon, so that the fire may consume your cedars. 2 Howl, fir tree, because the cedar has fallen; the majestic trees have been destroyed. Howl, oaks of Bashan, because the impenetrable forest has fallen. 3 Listen to the howling of shepherds, because their magnificence has been destroyed. Listen to the roaring of young lions, because the thickets of the Jordan have been devastated. 4 The Lord my God says this: “Shepherd the flock set aside for slaughter.
500–401 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Zechariah

References

"... Another significant interpretive question surrounds the imagery of the trees, whether figurative (depicting foreign/domestic leaders) or literal (representing trees native to ancient Israel). In favor of the former understanding, the Lebanon cedar can symbolize in the OT nations such as Assyria (Ezekiel 31:3, 16–17) or human kings (2 Kings 14:9; Isaiah 14:8; Ezekiel 17:3; Amos 2:9). The shepherds and trees would thus represent political or social leadership, whether past Judahite kings or the Persian political/priestly leaders. Here, however, the call to lament more likely concerns an actual devastation of the land, as evident from several factors. First, the juxtaposition of trees/landscape (arboreal and geographical terminology) and shepherds/young lions (demographic and faunal terminology) hints at a distinction in purview of the referents depicted. To understand the two referent groups as both symbols of leadership would involve an unwarranted shift in imagery from plants to humans/animals within the same unit. The relationship between the deforested land and the wailing shepherds seems rather to be that of realm to ruler, thus underscoring the utter demise of the source providing the leaders’ sustenance and protection ..."
Kyle C. Dunham, “Zechariah 11 and the Eschatological Shepherds,” (2018): 3–39.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Ezekiel 17:3 and Zechariah 11:2

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