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Ezekiel

About this book
Chapter 14

1 Then some men from Israel’s elders came to me and sat down in front of me. 2 The Lord’s message came to me: 3 “Son of man, these men have erected their idols in their hearts and placed the obstacle leading to their iniquity right before their faces. Should I really allow them to seek me? 4 Therefore speak to them and say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: When anyone from the house of Israel erects his idols in his heart and sets the obstacle leading to his iniquity before his face, and then consults a prophet, I, the Lord, am determined to answer him personally according to the enormity of his idolatry. 5 I will do this in order to capture the hearts of the house of Israel, who have alienated themselves from me on account of all their idols.’ 6 “Therefore say to the house of Israel, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Return! Turn from your idols, and turn your faces away from your abominations. 7 For when anyone from the house of Israel, or the resident foreigner who lives in Israel, separates himself from me and erects his idols in his heart and sets the obstacle leading to his iniquity before his face, and then consults a prophet to seek something from me, I, the Lord, am determined to answer him personally. 8 I will set my face against that person and will make him an object lesson and a byword and will cut him off from among my people. Then you will know that I am the Lord. 9 “‘As for the prophet, if he is made a fool by being deceived into speaking a prophetic word—I, the Lord, have made a fool of that prophet, and I will stretch out my hand against him and destroy him from among my people Israel. 10 They will bear their punishment; the punishment of the one who sought an oracle will be the same as the punishment of the prophet who gave it 11 so that the house of Israel will no longer go astray from me, nor continue to defile themselves by all their sins. They will be my people, and I will be their God, declares the Sovereign Lord.’” 12 The Lord’s message came to me: 13 “Son of man, suppose a country sins against me by being unfaithful and I stretch out my hand against it, cut off its bread supply,⁠ cause famine to come on it, and kill both people and animals. 14 Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would save only their own lives by their righteousness, declares the Sovereign Lord.⁠ 15 “Suppose I were to send wild animals through the land and kill its children, leaving it desolate, without travelers due to the wild animals. 16 Even if these three men were in it, as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, they could not save their own sons or daughters; they would save only their own lives, and the land would become desolate. 17 “Or suppose I were to bring a sword against that land and say, ‘Let a sword pass through the land,’ and I were to kill both people and animals. 18 Even if these three men were in it, as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, they could not save their own sons or daughters—they would save only their own lives. 19 “Or suppose I were to send a plague into that land and pour out my rage on it with bloodshed, killing both people and animals. 20 Even if Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, as surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, they could not save their own son or daughter; they would save only their own lives by their righteousness. 21 “For this is what the Sovereign Lord says: How much worse will it be when I send my four terrible judgments—sword, famine, wild animals, and plague—to⁠ Jerusalem to kill both people and animals! 22 Yet some survivors will be left in it, sons and daughters who will be brought out. They will come out to you, and when you see their behavior and their deeds, you will be consoled about the catastrophe I have brought on Jerusalem—for everything I brought on it. 23 They will console you when you see their behavior and their deeds, because you will know that it was not without reason that I have done everything that I have done in it, declares the Sovereign Lord.”

Texts in conversation

Compare Leviticus 26:26 and Ezekiel 14:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Ezekiel reuses language from Leviticus when describing judgment, naming famine, disease, and rationed food. By repeating these details, Ezekiel frames disaster as covenant punishment, even while leaving out other parts of Leviticus.

Passages

Leviticus 26:26

Hebrew Bible
25 I will bring on you an avenging sword, a covenant vengeance. Although you will gather together into your cities, I will send pestilence among you, and you will be given into enemy hands. 26 When I break off your supply of bread, ten women will bake your bread in one oven; they will ration your bread by weight, and you will eat and not be satisfied. 27 “‘If in spite of this you do not obey me but walk in hostility against me,
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Leviticus

Ezekiel 14:13

Hebrew Bible
12 The Lord’s message came to me: 13 “Son of man, suppose a country sins against me by being unfaithful and I stretch out my hand against it, cut off its bread supply, cause famine to come on it, and kill both people and animals. 14 Even if these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they would save only their own lives by their righteousness, declares the Sovereign Lord.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Ezekiel

References

"... With the declarations of woe in Leviticus 26:14 we may compare Ezekiel 14:8, 15:7; for the sending of wild animals in Leviticus 26:22 compare Ezekiel 5:17, 14:15; for pestilence in Leviticus 26:25 compare Ezekiel 14:19; the breaking of the staff of bread in Leviticus 26:26 compare Ezekiel 4:16, 5:16, 14:13; eating bread by weight in Leviticus 26:27 compare Ezekiel 4:16; cannibalism in the besieged city in Leviticus 26:29 compare Ezekiel 5:10 but also Deuteronomy 2:53, Lamentations 2:4; destruction of the high places and the altars of incense in Leviticus 26:30 compare Ezekiel 6:3-6; Yahweh's turning graciously 'to remember' in Leviticus 26:42 with Ezekiel 16:60 ... Beside this, however, there are striking differences, which are found immediately beside the element of the stylizing of the groups of plagues ... The absence of the sabbath year in Ezekiel has already been mentioned in connection with Leviticus 25:1-7. Similarly there is lacking in Ezekiel any counterpart to the threat which appears in Leviticus 26:34, 43 that the land (after the removal of the people into exile) will be left to enjoy the neglected sabbaths ... Above all, however, one does not find anywhere in Ezekiel the conception of a covenant of Yahweh with Jacob, Isaac and Abraham (in this order Leviticus 26:42), with which Leviticus 26 ended and which is expanded in Leviticus 26:45 into the statement of the 'covenant with the ancestors' ..."
Walther Zimmerli, Ezekiel: A Commentary on the Book of the Prophet Ezekiel (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1979), 51.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Leviticus 26:26 and Ezekiel 14:13

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