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Exodus

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The Tabernacle Erected and Filled with Glory

Chapter 40

1 Then the Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “On the first day of the first month you are to set up the tabernacle, the tent of meeting. 3 You are to place the ark of the testimony in it and shield the ark with the special curtain. 4 You are to bring in the table and set out the things that belong on it; then you are to bring in the lampstand and set up its lamps.⁠ 5 You are to put the gold altar for incense in front of the ark of the testimony and put the curtain at the entrance to the tabernacle. 6 You are to put the altar for the burnt offering in front of the entrance to the tabernacle, the tent of meeting. 7 You are to put the large basin between the tent of meeting and the altar and put water in it. 8 You are to set up the courtyard around it and put the curtain at the gate of the courtyard. 9 And take the anointing oil, and anoint the tabernacle and all that is in it, and sanctify it and all its furnishings, and it will be holy. 10 Then you are to anoint the altar for the burnt offering with all its utensils; you are to sanctify the altar, and it will be the most holy altar. 11 You must also anoint the large basin and its pedestal, and you are to sanctify it. 12 “You are to bring Aaron and his sons to the entrance of the tent of meeting and wash them with water. 13 Then you are to clothe Aaron with the holy garments and anoint him and sanctify him so that he may minister as my priest. 14 You are to bring his sons and clothe them with tunics 15 and anoint them just as you anointed their father, so that they may minister as my priests; their anointing will make them a priesthood that will continue throughout their generations.” 16 This is what Moses did, according to all the Lord had commanded him—so he did. 17 So the tabernacle was set up on the first day of the first month, in the second year. 18 When Moses set up the tabernacle and put its bases in place, he set up its frames, attached its bars, and set up its posts. 19 Then he spread the tent over the tabernacle and put the covering of the tent over it, as the Lord had commanded him. 20 He took the testimony and put it in the ark, attached the poles to the ark, and then put the atonement lid on the ark. 21 And he brought the ark into the tabernacle, hung the protecting curtain, and shielded the ark of the testimony from view, just as the Lord had commanded him. 22 And Moses put the table in the tent of meeting, on the north side of the tabernacle, outside the curtain. 23 And he set the bread in order on it before the Lord, just as the Lord had commanded him. 24 And he put the lampstand in the tent of meeting opposite the table, on the south side of the tabernacle. 25 Then he set up the lamps before the Lord, just as the Lord had commanded him. 26 And he put the gold altar in the tent of meeting in front of the curtain, 27 and he burned fragrant incense on it, just as the Lord had commanded him. 28 Then Moses put the curtain at the entrance to the tabernacle. 29 He also put the altar for the burnt offering by the entrance to the tabernacle, the tent of meeting, and offered on it the burnt offering and the meal offering, just as the Lord had commanded him. 30 Then he put the large basin between the tent of meeting and the altar and put water in it for washing. 31 Moses and Aaron and his sons would wash their hands and their feet from it. 32 Whenever they entered the tent of meeting, and whenever they approached the altar, they would wash, just as the Lord had commanded Moses. 33 And he set up the courtyard around the tabernacle and the altar, and put the curtain at the gate of the courtyard. So Moses finished the work.⁠ 34 Then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle.⁠ 35 Moses was not able to enter the tent of meeting because the cloud settled on it⁠ and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. 36 But when the cloud was lifted up from the tabernacle, the Israelites would set out on all their journeys; 37 but if the cloud was not lifted up, then they would not journey farther until the day it was lifted up. 38 For the cloud of the Lord was on the tabernacle by day, but fire would be on it at night, in plain view of all the house of Israel throughout all their journeys.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 40:34 and 1 Kings 8:10

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

In 1 Kings 8, when the ark is brought into Solomon’s temple, a cloud fills the sanctuary so the priests cannot remain inside. This echoes Exodus 40 where a cloud fills the tabernacle and shows the temple continuing the same pattern.

Passages

Exodus 40:34

Hebrew Bible
32 Whenever they entered the tent of meeting, and whenever they approached the altar, they would wash, just as the Lord had commanded Moses. 33 And he set up the courtyard around the tabernacle and the altar, and put the curtain at the gate of the courtyard. So Moses finished the work. 34 Then the cloud covered the tent of meeting, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. 35 Moses was not able to enter the tent of meeting because the cloud settled on it and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. 36 But when the cloud was lifted up from the tabernacle, the Israelites would set out on all their journeys;
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

1 Kings 8:10

Hebrew Bible
8 The poles were so long their ends were visible from the Holy Place in front of the inner sanctuary, but they could not be seen from beyond that point. They have remained there to this very day. 9 There was nothing in the ark except the two stone tablets Moses had placed there in Horeb. It was there that the Lord made a covenant with the Israelites after he brought them out of the land of Egypt. 10 Once the priests left the Holy Place, a cloud filled the Lord’s temple. 11 The priests could not carry out their duties because of the cloud; the Lord’s glory filled his temple. 12 Then Solomon said, “The Lord has said that he lives in thick darkness.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in 1 Kings

References

"... 1 Kings 8:10–11 presents a challenge to interpreters, and not because of the words and their meaning, for they are clear enough. During the dedication of Solomon’s temple, the Ark is carried “into the inner sanctuary of the Temple, into the most holy place” by the priests (1 Kings 8:6) ... Overall, 1 Kings 8 is filled with key Deuteronomistic teachings, from its erection of the central sanctuary in Jerusalem to its strong emphasis on the so-called Name Theology, in which divine presence is localized via Yahweh’s šēm (1 Kings 8:16, 17, 19, 20, 29, 33, 35, 42–44, 48). With this in mind, the vocabulary of 1 Kings 8:10–11 seems at first glance strikingly out of place. A comparison with Priestly vocabulary (e.g., the mention of the ʿānān and the kābôd Yahweh filling sacred space in Exodus 40:34–35) has led many scholars to see the hand of a Priestly editor at work. Thus Gary Knoppers’ summary represents the situation well: “Virtually all scholars recognize the presence of both a preexilic source and some priestly editing in 1 Kings 8:1–13.” ..."
Theodore J. Lewis, The Origin and Character of God: Ancient Israelite Religion through the Lens of Divinity (New York: Oxford University Press, 2020), 366.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 40:34 and 1 Kings 8:10

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