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About this book

Exodus

About this book

God Calls Moses

Chapter 3

1 Now Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian,⁠ and he led the flock to the far side of the desert⁠ and came to the mountain⁠ of God, to Horeb. 2 The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from within a bush.⁠ He looked, and the bush was ablaze with fire, but it was not being consumed!⁠ 3 So Moses thought, “I will turn aside to see this amazing sight. Why does the bush not burn up?” 4 When the Lord saw that he had turned aside to look, God called to him from within the bush and said, “Moses, Moses!” And Moses said, “Here I am.”⁠ 5 God said, “Do not approach any closer! Take your sandals off your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.”⁠ 6 He added, “I am the God of your father,⁠ the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God.⁠ 7 The Lord said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people⁠ who are in Egypt. I have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.⁠ 8 I have come down to deliver them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up from that land to a land that is both good and spacious, to a land flowing with milk and honey,⁠ to the region of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 9 And now indeed the cry of the Israelites has come to me,⁠ and I have also seen how severely the Egyptians oppress them. 10 So now go, and I will send you to Pharaoh to bring my people, the Israelites, out of Egypt.” 11 Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh, or that I should bring the Israelites out of Egypt?”⁠ 12 He replied, “Surely I will be with you,⁠ and this will be the sign to you that I have sent you: When you bring the people out of Egypt, you and they will serve God at this mountain.” 13 Moses said to God, “If I go to the Israelites and tell them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’—what should I say to them?” 14 God said to Moses, “I AM that I AM.”⁠ And he said, “You must say this to the Israelites, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”⁠ 15 God also said to Moses, “You must say this to the Israelites, ‘The Lord—the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you. This is my name forever, and this is my memorial from generation to generation.’⁠ 16 “Go and bring together the elders of Israel and tell them, ‘The Lord, the God of your fathers, appeared to me—the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—saying, “I have attended carefully to you and to what has been done to you in Egypt, 17 and I have promised that I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, to a land flowing with milk and honey.”’ 18 “The elders will listen to you, and then you and the elders of Israel must go to the king of Egypt and tell him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. So now, let us go three days’ journey into the wilderness, so that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God.’ 19 But I know that the king of Egypt will not let you go, not even under force. 20 So I will extend my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders that I will do among them,⁠ and after that he will release you. 21 “I will grant this people favor with the Egyptians, so that when you depart you will not leave empty-handed. 22 Every woman will ask her neighbor and the one who happens to be staying in her house for items of silver and gold and for clothing. You will put these articles on your sons and daughters—thus you will plunder Egypt!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 3:8 and Numbers 16:13

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus describes God’s promise to bring Israel out of Egypt into a land flowing with milk and honey, highlighting abundance and fulfillment. Numbers depicts the rebellious using this language when they accuse Moses of removing them from such a land.

Passages

Exodus 3:8

Hebrew Bible
6 He added, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God. 7 The Lord said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt. I have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows. 8 I have come down to deliver them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up from that land to a land that is both good and spacious, to a land flowing with milk and honey, to the region of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 9 And now indeed the cry of the Israelites has come to me, and I have also seen how severely the Egyptians oppress them. 10 So now go, and I will send you to Pharaoh to bring my people, the Israelites, out of Egypt.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Numbers 16:13

Hebrew Bible
11 Therefore you and all your company have assembled together against the Lord! And Aaron—what is he that you murmur against him?” 12 Then Moses summoned Dathan and Abiram, the sons of Eliab, but they said, “We will not come up. 13 Is it a small thing that you have brought us up out of the land that flows with milk and honey, to kill us in the wilderness? Now do you want to make yourself a prince over us? 14 Moreover, you have not brought us into a land that flows with milk and honey, nor given us an inheritance of fields and vineyards. Do you think you can blind these men? We will not come up.” 15 Moses was very angry, and he said to the Lord, “Have no respect for their offering! I have not taken so much as one donkey from them, nor have I harmed any one of them!”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Numbers

References

"... The continuity between the promise of land to the patriarchs and the exodus from Egypt is often emphasized (Exodus 3:8; 6:4, 8; 12:24-25; Deuteronomy 1:8, 21; 31:7, 21). The differences between the new land and the land of Egypt are described. Egypt is a land that is irrigated “by foot” (perhaps a reference to the way that water channels were regulated using small mud dams built up or breached by the feet of the farmer). However, the land of Canaan is a “land of hills and valleys, watered by rain from the sky, a land that the LORD your God looks after” (Deuteronomy 11:10-12). Israel’s need to rely on God, whether in the wilderness or in the Promised Land is highlighted by this contrast. One of the main crises that threatens possession of the land is the Israelites’ refusal to enter Canaan following the report of the spies. Returning to their camp with a huge cluster of grapes, the spies dramatically confirm that the depiction “flowing with milk and honey” aptly describes the land of Canaan (Numbers 13:27), but most also argue that it will be impossible for Israel to conquer the country (Numbers 13:28-33). They fail to give sufficient credence to the truth that this land is being given to them by God and instead they focus on their inability to conquer the country. Further ingratitude toward God is evidenced in the rebellion of Korah, Dathan and Abiram. Ironically, they accuse Moses of bringing them “up out of a land flowing with milk and honey” into a wilderness (Numbers 16:13). Their punishment is apt: the earth/land swallows them (Numbers 16:31-33) ..."
T. Desmond Alexander and David W. Baker, Dictionary of the Old Testament: Pentateuch (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 2003), 489.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 3:8 and Numbers 16:13

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