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Exodus

About this book

God Calls Moses

Chapter 3

1 Now Moses was shepherding the flock of his father-in-law Jethro, the priest of Midian,⁠ and he led the flock to the far side of the desert⁠ and came to the mountain⁠ of God, to Horeb. 2 The angel of the Lord appeared to him in a flame of fire from within a bush.⁠ He looked, and the bush was ablaze with fire, but it was not being consumed!⁠ 3 So Moses thought, “I will turn aside to see this amazing sight. Why does the bush not burn up?” 4 When the Lord saw that he had turned aside to look, God called to him from within the bush and said, “Moses, Moses!” And Moses said, “Here I am.”⁠ 5 God said, “Do not approach any closer! Take your sandals off your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.”⁠ 6 He added, “I am the God of your father,⁠ the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God.⁠ 7 The Lord said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people⁠ who are in Egypt. I have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.⁠ 8 I have come down to deliver them from the hand of the Egyptians and to bring them up from that land to a land that is both good and spacious, to a land flowing with milk and honey,⁠ to the region of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites. 9 And now indeed the cry of the Israelites has come to me,⁠ and I have also seen how severely the Egyptians oppress them. 10 So now go, and I will send you to Pharaoh to bring my people, the Israelites, out of Egypt.” 11 Moses said to God, “Who am I that I should go to Pharaoh, or that I should bring the Israelites out of Egypt?”⁠ 12 He replied, “Surely I will be with you,⁠ and this will be the sign to you that I have sent you: When you bring the people out of Egypt, you and they will serve God at this mountain.” 13 Moses said to God, “If I go to the Israelites and tell them, ‘The God of your fathers has sent me to you,’ and they ask me, ‘What is his name?’—what should I say to them?” 14 God said to Moses, “I AM that I AM.”⁠ And he said, “You must say this to the Israelites, ‘I AM has sent me to you.’”⁠ 15 God also said to Moses, “You must say this to the Israelites, ‘The Lord—the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob—has sent me to you. This is my name forever, and this is my memorial from generation to generation.’⁠ 16 “Go and bring together the elders of Israel and tell them, ‘The Lord, the God of your fathers, appeared to me—the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob—saying, “I have attended carefully to you and to what has been done to you in Egypt, 17 and I have promised that I will bring you up out of the affliction of Egypt to the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, to a land flowing with milk and honey.”’ 18 “The elders will listen to you, and then you and the elders of Israel must go to the king of Egypt and tell him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has met with us. So now, let us go three days’ journey into the wilderness, so that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God.’ 19 But I know that the king of Egypt will not let you go, not even under force. 20 So I will extend my hand and strike Egypt with all my wonders that I will do among them,⁠ and after that he will release you. 21 “I will grant this people favor with the Egyptians, so that when you depart you will not leave empty-handed. 22 Every woman will ask her neighbor and the one who happens to be staying in her house for items of silver and gold and for clothing. You will put these articles on your sons and daughters—thus you will plunder Egypt!”

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 3:5 and Joshua 5:15

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Exodus describes Moses removing his sandals at the burning bush because the ground is holy, a command that Joshua hears when he encounters a heavenly figure at Jericho. This connects Joshua to Moses and patterns his narrative to follow the Torah.

Passages

Exodus 3:5

Hebrew Bible
3 So Moses thought, “I will turn aside to see this amazing sight. Why does the bush not burn up?” 4 When the Lord saw that he had turned aside to look, God called to him from within the bush and said, “Moses, Moses!” And Moses said, “Here I am.” 5 God said, “Do not approach any closer! Take your sandals off your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.” 6 He added, “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.” Then Moses hid his face, because he was afraid to look at God. 7 The Lord said, “I have surely seen the affliction of my people who are in Egypt. I have heard their cry because of their taskmasters, for I know their sorrows.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Joshua 5:15

Hebrew Bible
13 When Joshua was near Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing in front of him holding a drawn sword. Joshua approached him and asked him, “Are you on our side or allied with our enemies?” 14 He answered, “Truly I am the commander of the Lord’s army. Now I have arrived!” Joshua bowed down with his face to the ground and asked, “What does my master want to say to his servant?” 15 The commander of the Lord’s army answered Joshua, “Remove your sandals from your feet because the place where you stand is holy.” Joshua did so.
600–501 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Joshua

References

"... Exodus 3:1-4 probably likewise combines Yahwistic and Elohistic descriptions of Moses' encounter with God. Exodus 3:5-6a is equally difficult. Verse 6 is probably Elohistic, since it refers to 'the Deity' and the fear of God. Verse 5, however, is Yahwistic by Friedman's theory of the Greater J since it is repeated almost verbatim in Joshua 5:15. Fuss and Weimar, feeling a contradiction between the two commands in verse 5, hypercritically divide the verse between authors; but surely the sense is 'Do not approach hither until you have pulled your sandals ...' ..."
William H. C. Propp, Exodus 1–18: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, AB 2 (New York: Doubleday, 1999), 192.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 3:5 and Joshua 5:15

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