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Exodus

About this book

The Covenant Confirmed

Chapter 24

1 But to Moses the Lord said, “Come up to the Lord, you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu,⁠ and seventy of the elders of Israel,⁠ and worship from a distance.⁠ 2 Moses alone may come near the Lord, but the others must not come near, nor may the people go up with him.” 3 Moses came and told the people all the Lord’s words and all the decisions. All the people answered together, “We are willing to do all the words that the Lord has said,” 4 and Moses wrote down all the words of the Lord. Early in the morning he built an altar at the foot of the mountain and arranged twelve standing stones—according to the twelve tribes of Israel. 5 He sent young Israelite men, and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls for peace offerings to the Lord.⁠ 6 Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and half of the blood he splashed on the altar. 7 He took the Book of the Covenant and read it aloud to the people,⁠ and they said, “We are willing to do and obey all that the Lord has spoken.” 8 So Moses took the blood and splashed it on the people⁠ and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.”⁠ 9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up,⁠ 10 and they saw the God of Israel.⁠ Under his feet there was something like a pavement made of blue sapphire, clear like the sky itself.⁠ 11 But he did not lay a hand on the leaders of the Israelites, so they saw God, and they ate and they drank.⁠ 12 The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and remain there, and I will give you the stone tablets with the law and the commandments that I have written,⁠ so that you may teach them.”⁠ 13 So Moses set out with Joshua his attendant, and Moses went up the mountain of God. 14 He told the elders, “Wait for us in this place until we return to you.⁠ Here are Aaron and Hur with you. Whoever has any matters of dispute can approach them.” 15 Moses went up the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain. 16 The glory of the Lord resided on Mount Sinai,⁠ and the cloud covered it for six days. On the seventh day he called to Moses from within the cloud.⁠ 17 Now the appearance of the glory of the Lord was like a devouring fire on the top of the mountain in plain view of the people. 18 Moses went into the cloud when he went up the mountain, and Moses was on the mountain 40 days and 40 nights.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 24:9 and Letter of Aristeas 46

Hebrew Bible · Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions

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Summary

In Exodus 24, seventy elders of Israel go up the mountain with Moses when God gives the law. In the Letter of Aristeas, seventy-two elders, six from each tribe, translate the law, presenting the translation as a moment similar to Sinai.

Passages

Exodus 24:9

Hebrew Bible
9 Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up, 10 and they saw the God of Israel. Under his feet there was something like a pavement made of blue sapphire, clear like the sky itself. 11 But he did not lay a hand on the leaders of the Israelites, so they saw God, and they ate and they drank. 12 The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and remain there, and I will give you the stone tablets with the law and the commandments that I have written, so that you may teach them.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Letter of Aristeas 46

Pseudepigrapha, Hebrew Bible Expansions · Letter of Aristeas to Philocrates
holy law might prove advantageous to you and be carried out successfully. In the presence of all the people I selected six elders from each tribe, good and true men, and I have sent them to you with a copy of our law. It will be a kindness, righteous king, if you will give instruction that as soon as the translation of the law is completed, the men shall be restored again to us in safety. Farewell.' The following are the names of the elders: Of the first tribe, Joseph, Ezekiah, Zachariah, John, Ezekiah, Elisha. Of the second tribe, Judas, Simon, Samuel, Adaeus, Mattathias, Eschlemias. Of
200–150 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in the Letter of Aristeas

References

“... Demetrius conducts an investigation to discern which Jewish scrolls were available and concludes that a fresh translation with the very best scrolls would be necessary. The scrolls of the Law of the Jews were not only written in the Hebrew language and stood in need of translation. They were also full of mistakes due to careless copying since, as Demetrius reports, they had not been produced under royal patronage. If the Ptolemaic Library were to include the Jewish Law, an accurate version was necessary. This outstanding version was to be completed by seventy-two translators, six from each of the twelve tribes, and it is no accident that the feature of seventy-two translators is close to the number of the seventy elders who went with Moses to Sinai (sections 28-32; cf. Exodus 24:1, 9). The Septuagint, the Letter of Aristeas implies, is a new revelation. ...”
Timothy Michael Law, When God Spoke Greek: The Septuagint and the Making of the Christian Bible (New York: Oxford University Press, 2013), 37.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 24:9 and Letter of Aristeas 46

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