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About this book

Exodus

About this book

The Birth and Flight of Moses

Chapter 2

1 A man from the household of Levi married a woman who was a descendant of Levi. 2 The woman became pregnant and gave birth to a son. When she saw that he was a good child8,⁠ she hid him for three months. 3 But when she was no longer able to hide him, she took a papyrus basket for him and sealed it with bitumen and pitch.⁠ She put the child in it and set it among the reeds along the edge of the Nile.⁠ 4 His sister stationed herself at a distance to find out what would happen to him.⁠ 5 Then the daughter of Pharaoh came down to wash herself by the Nile, while her attendants were walking alongside the river, and she saw the basket among the reeds. She sent one of her attendants, took it,⁠ 6 opened it, and saw the child—a boy, crying!—and she felt compassion for him and said, “This is one of the Hebrews’ children.” 7 Then his sister said to Pharaoh’s daughter, “Shall I go and get a nursing woman for you from the Hebrews, so that she may nurse the child for you?” 8 Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Yes, do so.” So the young girl went and got the child’s mother. 9 Pharaoh’s daughter said to her, “Take this child and nurse him for me, and I will pay your wages.” So the woman took the child and nursed him. 10 When the child grew older she brought him to Pharaoh’s daughter, and he became her son. She named him Moses, saying, “Because I drew him from the water.” 11 In those days, when Moses had grown up, he went out to his people and observed their hard labor, and he saw an Egyptian man attacking a Hebrew man, one of his own people. 12 He looked this way and that and saw that no one was there, and then he attacked the Egyptian and concealed the body in the sand. 13 When he went out the next day, there were two Hebrew men fighting. So he said to the one who was in the wrong, “Why are you attacking your fellow Hebrew?” 14 The man replied, “Who made you a ruler and a judge over us? Are you planning to kill me like you killed that Egyptian?” Then Moses was afraid, thinking, “Surely what I did has become known.” 15 When Pharaoh heard about this event, he sought to kill Moses. So Moses fled from Pharaoh and settled in the land of Midian, and he settled by a certain well.⁠ 16 Now a priest of Midian had seven daughters, and they came and began to draw water and fill the troughs in order to water their father’s flock. 17 When some shepherds came and drove them away, Moses came up and defended them and then watered their flock.⁠ 18 So when they came home to their father Reuel, he asked, “Why have you come home so early today?” 19 They said, “An Egyptian man rescued us from the shepherds, and he actually drew water for us and watered the flock!” 20 He said to his daughters, “So where is he? Why in the world did you leave the man? Call him, so that he may eat a meal with us.” 21 Moses agreed to stay with the man, and he gave his daughter Zipporah to Moses in marriage. 22 When she bore a son, Moses named him Gershom, for he said, “I have become a resident foreigner in a foreign land.”⁠ 23 During that long period of time the king of Egypt died, and the Israelites groaned because of the slave labor. They cried out, and their desperate cry because of their slave labor went up to God.⁠ 24 God heard their groaning;⁠ God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob.⁠ 25 God saw the Israelites, and God understood.⁠

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 2:25 and LXX Exodus 2:25

Hebrew Bible · Septuagint

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Summary

The Hebrew version of Exodus says God saw Israel and understood their suffering. The Greek misreads the ambiguous verb differently, so God makes himself known to them, matching the book’s theme of God revealing who he is.

Passages

Exodus 2:25

Hebrew Bible
21 Moses agreed to stay with the man, and he gave his daughter Zipporah to Moses in marriage. 22 When she bore a son, Moses named him Gershom, for he said, “I have become a resident foreigner in a foreign land.” 23 During that long period of time the king of Egypt died, and the Israelites groaned because of the slave labor. They cried out, and their desperate cry because of their slave labor went up to God. 24 God heard their groaning; God remembered his covenant with Abraham, with Isaac, and with Jacob. 25 God saw the Israelites, and God understood.
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

LXX Exodus 2:25

Septuagint
21 And Moses was established with the man, and he gave Zipporah his daughter to Moses as a wife. 22 And the woman conceived and bore a son, and Moses called his name Gershom, saying, I am a temporary resident in a strange land. 23 And in those days after a length of time, the king of Egypt died; and the children of Israel groaned because of their tasks, and cried, and their cry because of their tasks went up to God. 24 And God heard their groanings, and God remembered his covenant made with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob. 25 And God looked upon the children of Israel, and was made known to them.
300–201 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in LXX Exodus

References

... Exodus 2:25 involves a significant textual variant. The unspecified phrase וַיֵּדַע אֱל ֹהִ ים (‘And God knew’) occurs in the Septuagint as καὶ ἐγνώσθη αὐτοῖς (‘and he was made known to them’). While this variant helpfully contributes to the theme of YHWH becoming known through the events of the exodus, the Septuagint evidence remains suspect. The Septuagint often deviates from the Masoretic Text with regard to divine designators, and here the Greek translator may have read אליהם as אלהים, as did the Latin translator (i.e., אליהם as eos). The Masoretic Text should be considered original because it is unlikely that the consonantal waw of a niphal yiqtol form would have dropped out. Rather, the Greek and Latin translators made an interpretive, smooth rendering of a difficult and ambiguous text. ...
Austin Surls, Making Sense of the Divine Name in the Book of Exodus: From Etymology to Literary Onomastics, BBRSup 17 (Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns, 2017), 84.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 2:25 and LXX Exodus 2:25

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