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Esther

About this book
Chapter 4

1 Now when Mordecai became aware of all that had been done, he tore his garments and put on sackcloth and ashes. He went out into the city, crying out in a loud and bitter voice.⁠ 2 But he went no farther than the king’s gate, for no one was permitted to enter the king’s gate clothed in sackcloth. 3 Throughout each and every province where the king’s edict and law were announced there was considerable mourning among the Jews, along with fasting, weeping, and sorrow. Sackcloth and ashes were characteristic of many. 4 When Esther’s female attendants and her eunuchs came and informed her about Mordecai’s behavior, the queen was overcome with anguish. Although she sent garments for Mordecai to put on so that he could remove his sackcloth, he would not accept them. 5 So Esther called for Hathach, one of the king’s eunuchs who had been placed at her service, and instructed him to find out the cause and reason for Mordecai’s behavior. 6 So Hathach went to Mordecai at the plaza of the city in front of the king’s gate. 7 Then Mordecai related to him everything that had happened to him, even the specific amount of money that Haman had offered to pay to the king’s treasuries for the Jews to be destroyed. 8 He also gave him a written copy of the law that had been disseminated in Susa for their destruction so that he could show it to Esther and talk to her about it. He also gave instructions that she should go to the king to implore him and petition him on behalf of her people.⁠ 9 So Hathach returned and related Mordecai’s instructions to Esther. 10 Then Esther replied to Hathach with instructions for Mordecai: 11 “All the servants of the king and the people of the king’s provinces know that there is only one law applicable to any man or woman who comes uninvited to the king in the inner court—that person will be put to death,⁠ unless the king extends to him the gold scepter, permitting him to be spared. Now I have not been invited to come to the king for some 30 days.” 12 When Esther’s reply was conveyed to Mordecai, 13 he said to take back this answer to Esther: “Don’t imagine that because you are part of the king’s household you will be the one Jew who will escape. 14 If you keep quiet at this time, liberation and protection for the Jews will appear from another source, while you and your father’s household perish. It may very well be that you have achieved royal status for such a time as this!” 15 Then Esther sent this reply to Mordecai: 16 “Go, assemble all the Jews who are found in Susa, and fast on my behalf. Don’t eat and don’t drink for three days, night or day. My female attendants and I will also fast in the same way. Afterward I will go to the king, even though it violates the law. If I perish, I perish.”⁠ 17 So Mordecai set out to do everything that Esther had instructed him.

Texts in conversation

Compare Exodus 10:28 and Esther 4:11

Hebrew Bible

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Summary

Esther is described as risking her life to visit the king to plead for the release of the Jewish people, echoing Moses in Exodus who is similarly described risking his life to face Pharaoh in order to plead for the release of the Israelites.

Passages

Exodus 10:28

Hebrew Bible
26 Our livestock must also go with us! Not a hoof is to be left behind! For we must take these animals to serve the Lord our God. Until we arrive there, we do not know what we must use to serve the Lord.” 27 But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he was not willing to release them. 28 Pharaoh said to him, “Go from me! Watch out for yourself! Do not appear before me again, for when you see my face you will die!” 29 Moses said, “As you wish! I will not see your face again.”
750–400 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Exodus

Esther 4:11

Hebrew Bible
9 So Hathach returned and related Mordecai’s instructions to Esther. 10 Then Esther replied to Hathach with instructions for Mordecai: 11 “All the servants of the king and the people of the king’s provinces know that there is only one law applicable to any man or woman who comes uninvited to the king in the inner court—that person will be put to death, unless the king extends to him the gold scepter, permitting him to be spared. Now I have not been invited to come to the king for some 30 days.” 12 When Esther’s reply was conveyed to Mordecai, 13 he said to take back this answer to Esther: “Don’t imagine that because you are part of the king’s household you will be the one Jew who will escape.
200–101 BCE (scholarly estimate) Read in Esther

References

"... Both Esther and Moses are Israelites/Jews who come into a key position at a foreign court. At the beginning the identity of both remains unnoticed. In both stories two main characters act on behalf of their threatened people (Moses and Aaron in the one and Esther and Mordecai in the other case). Aaron speaks for Moses (Exodus 4:10-16) and Mordecai is the silent power behind Esther (he only speaks in Esther 4:13-14). Esther is at first daunted by her task like Moses (Exodus 4), but both afterwards become the heroes of their people. Like Moses, she is an adopted child. Important lexical parallels occur at comparable architectural junctures in both stories. In both stories audiences with the king are presented as dangerous (Esther 4:11 and Exodus 10:28) and in both the definitive moment is repeatedly postponed by visits to the king ..."
James Alfred Loader, “Intertextuality in Multi-Layered Texts of the Old Testament,” OTE 21.2 (2008): 391–403.

References are not endorsements of their contents. Read each reference in full to understand its author's intentions in using these texts.

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Exodus 10:28 and Esther 4:11

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